Primary Succession on Surtsey Island

The video discusses primary succession on Surtsey Island, which emerged from the Atlantic Ocean. Initially, plants adapted to sandy shores colonized the island, followed by algae, lichens, and fungi, enabling other species to establish. Invertebrates and marine birds later arrived, contributing to environmental changes and further species introduction.

What was the first type of plant to permanently settle on Surtsey Island?

• Plants adapted to desert conditions

• Plants adapted to freshwater environments

• Plants adapted to sandy sea shores

• Plants adapted to rocky cliffs

How were the seeds of the first plants dispersed on Surtsey Island?

• By the wind

• By animals

• By the action of the sea

• By human intervention

Which organisms enabled other species of plants and invertebrates to establish themselves on Surtsey Island?

• Mosses and ferns

• Algae, lichens, and fungi

• Grasses and shrubs

• Trees and bushes

During the next stage of succession, which of the following invertebrates appeared on Surtsey Island?

• Springtails, Chiron low-mids, spiders, and earthworms

• Butterflies and moths

• Beetles and ants

• Crabs and lobsters

What is the only type of vertebrate discovered on Surtsey Island so far?

• Marine birds

• Amphibians

• Mammals

• Reptiles

How do marine birds contribute to the modification of the environment on Surtsey Island?

• By building dams

• By bringing new species of tiny invertebrates and plants

• By digging burrows

• By consuming all the vegetation