Exploring Carbon and Functional Groups

Which of the following best describes the role of the hydroxyl group in alcohols in terms of solubility in water?

• It decreases solubility due to its nonpolar nature.

• It increases solubility due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds.

• It has no effect on solubility.

• It decreases solubility due to its large size.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Amino acids have a specific structure that includes a central carbon atom. Which of the following groups is NOT directly attached to this central carbon?

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• Hydroxyl group

• R group (side chain)

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Phosphate groups play a crucial role in energy transfer within cells. Which of the following best explains this function?

• Phosphate groups store energy in the form of high-energy bonds.

• Phosphate groups act as catalysts in metabolic reactions.

• Phosphate groups provide structural support to cell membranes.

• Phosphate groups are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Which of the following is an example of carbon chain isomerism?

• Butane and isobutane

• Glucose and fructose

• Ethanol and dimethyl ether

• Benzene and cyclohexane

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How do functional groups interact to influence the properties of a molecule?

• They do not interact and have no effect on molecular properties.

• They interact through hydrogen bonding, affecting solubility and reactivity.

• They only affect the color of the molecule.

• They only affect the molecular weight.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

• Hydroxyl group

• Carboxyl group

• Amino group

• Phosphate group

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Given the structural formula of an amino acid, identify the functional groups present.

• Hydroxyl and methyl groups

• Amino and carboxyl groups

• Phosphate and sulfhydryl groups

• Carbonyl and ether groups

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Which of the following reactions involves the interaction of a hydroxyl group with a carboxyl group?

• Formation of an amide

• Formation of an ester

• Formation of a ketone

• Formation of an alkene

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does the presence of a phosphate group in a molecule like ATP contribute to its function as an energy carrier?

• It provides a stable structure that does not release energy.

• It forms high-energy bonds that release energy when broken.

• It acts as a catalyst in energy-releasing reactions.

• It increases the molecule's solubility in water.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Which of the following best describes the concept of isomerism in carbon chains?

• Isomers have different molecular formulas but the same structure.

• Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.

• Isomers have the same structure and properties.

• Isomers have different molecular weights.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking