Progressive Era-Day 1

This time period focused on social and political reforms in the United States in the early 1900s:

• Civil War Era

• Industrialization Era

• Progressive Era

• Reconstruction Era

Answer explanation

The Progressive Era, occurring in the early 1900s, was characterized by significant social and political reforms aimed at addressing issues like corruption, labor rights, and women's suffrage, distinguishing it from other eras.

Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) in response to

• foreign influences on the United States economy

• public demand for better roads

• monopolistic practices that were harmful to small businesses

• the failure of federal banks to provide loans to individuals

Answer explanation

Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act to address monopolistic practices that harmed small businesses, ensuring fair competition and protecting consumers from corporate abuses.

Progressive Era reformers tried to reduce the gap in wealth between the rich and the poor by

• creating the Federal Reserve System

• giving voters the power of referendum and recall

• implementing a graduated income tax

• establishing the Federal Trade Commission

Answer explanation

Progressive Era reformers aimed to reduce wealth inequality by implementing a graduated income tax, which taxed higher incomes at higher rates, thereby redistributing wealth and funding social programs for the poor.

The situation shown in this 1950 photograph is a direct result of the

• Great Migration

• application of grandfather clauses

• passage of Jim Crow laws

• Montgomery bus boycot

Answer explanation

The situation in the 1950 photograph is a direct result of the passage of Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation and discrimination in the South, leading to the depicted social conditions.

(a)   are often formed when voters feel like their needs are not being met by the major political parties, almost never win, but they draw votes away from the two major political parties

• Republican Party

• Democratic Party

• Democratic Process

• Third Parties

Answer explanation

Third Parties are often formed when voters feel their needs are unmet by major political parties. They rarely win elections but can draw votes away from the Republican and Democratic Parties, influencing election outcomes.

creator of settlement houses to assist immigrants moving to the United States

• W.E.B. Dubios

• Elizabeth Canton

• Jane Addams

• Ida B. Wells

Answer explanation

Jane Addams was a pioneer in establishing settlement houses, which provided support and services to immigrants in the United States, helping them integrate into society.

The creation of initiative, referendum, and recall procedures during the Progressive Era resulted in —

• a system of separate schools for new immigrants

• the expansion of citizens’ direct participation in the democratic process

• a redistribution of the tax burden among citizens

• more sources of revenue for state governments

Answer explanation

The initiative, referendum, and recall procedures allowed citizens to directly influence legislation and hold elected officials accountable, thereby expanding their participation in the democratic process.

Which Civil Rights leader advocated for African-Americans to improve themselves through education and job training?

• W.E.B. DuBois

• Susan B. Anthony

• Marcus Garvey

• Booker T. Washington

Answer explanation

Booker T. Washington advocated for African-Americans to focus on self-improvement through education and vocational training, believing this would lead to economic independence and social progress.

After the Passage of the Reconstruction amendments (13th 14th and 15th) why did African Americans continue to experience oppression?

• Poor communication kept people from learning about their legal rights

• Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws

• The amendments were not intended to solve their problems.

• Many African Americans distrusted the federal government

Answer explanation

Southern legislatures enacted Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation and discrimination, undermining the rights granted by the Reconstruction amendments and perpetuating oppression of African Americans.

A direct vote in which an entire electorate (the people) is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

• Initiative

• Referendum

• Recall

Answer explanation

A referendum is a direct vote where the electorate votes on a specific proposal, distinguishing it from an initiative, which is a process to propose legislation, and a recall, which is a vote to remove an elected official.