What is the independent variable?

• The outcome we are trying to explain

• The dimension that the experimenter intentionally manipulates

• The consistency of measurement

• A factor that influences both IV and DV

What does reliability refer to?

• The ability to predict outcomes

• The accuracy of a measurement

• The consistency and dependability of a measurement

• The degree of freedom in an experiment

What is confounding?

• The degree to which a study can establish a causal relationship

• The consistency of test scores over time

• The manipulation of the independent variable

• A situation where an outside variable influences both IV and DV

What is internal validity?

• The ability to predict future outcomes

• The superficial judgment of a test's effectiveness

• The degree to which a study can establish a causal relationship

• The consistency of measurements across different observers

What does face validity refer to?

• The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure

• The consistency of test scores over time

• The superficial judgment of a test's effectiveness

• The correlation between two measuring instruments

What is the purpose of a manipulation check?

• To ensure the independent variable has an intended effect

• To eliminate extraneous variables

• To measure the reliability of a test

• To assess the validity of a measurement

What is the placebo effect?

• The loss of participants from a study

• The systematic differences between groups in an experiment

• The tendency for extreme scores to regress toward the mean

• Changes in behavior due to belief in receiving treatment

What does statistical regression refer to?

• The consistency of measurements across different observers

• The degree of freedom in an experiment

• The systematic changes in how data is collected

• The tendency for extreme scores to become less extreme on retesting

What is a double-blind procedure?

• Participants know which group they are in

• Only the experimenter knows the group assignments

• Neither participants nor experimenters know group assignments

• Participants are aware of the experiment's purpose

What are extraneous variables?

• Variables that are intentionally manipulated

• Factors that are not the primary focus but can influence results

• The outcome we are trying to explain

• The consistency of test scores over time