Respiratory anatomy

Which muscles are primarily responsible for increasing thoracic cavity volume during inspiration?

• Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

• Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

• Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

• Internal oblique and transverse abdominis

The alveoli are designed to facilitate gas exchange because of their:

• Thick walls to prevent gas diffusion

• Presence of cartilage for structural support

• Large surface area and thin epithelial layer

• Ability to filter and humidify incoming air

Which anatomical structure carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation?

• Pulmonary veins

• Aorta

• Bronchial arteries

• Pulmonary arteries

Which of the following correctly describes the pleural cavity?

• The cavity between the lungs and the chest wall containing lubricating fluid

• The space within the trachea that allows airflow

• The primary area where gas exchange occurs

• • A space within the alveoli filled with surfactant

Which part of the respiratory system serves as the primary site for the humidification and warming of inspired air?

• Diaphragm

• Alveoli

• Nasal cavity

• Bronchioles