What strategy did the Roman Republic use to reduce conflicts between the plebeians and patricians?

• Divided the territory into provinces

• Gave plebeians greater representation in the government

• Strengthened the army to suppress plebeian revolts

• Allowed neighboring tribes to act as mediators

Answer explanation

The Roman Republic addressed conflicts by giving plebeians greater representation in government, notably through the creation of the Tribune of the Plebs, which allowed them to voice their concerns and influence decisions.

During the Gupta Empire, what was the main cultural development?

• The rise of Buddhist temples and practices

• A flourishing of Hindu art, literature, and culture

• An era of enforced meditation and religious contemplation

• A period of persecution of Indian scholars by political leaders

Answer explanation

During the Gupta Empire, there was a significant flourishing of Hindu art, literature, and culture, marking a golden age in Indian history, which is reflected in the achievements of poets, playwrights, and artists.

Which religion gained widespread acceptance in India as a result of Emperor Ashoka's rule during the Mauryan Empire?

• Jainism

• Buddhism

• Zoroastrianism

• Hinduism

Answer explanation

Buddhism gained widespread acceptance in India during Emperor Ashoka's rule due to his promotion of the religion after his conversion. He spread Buddhist teachings and established monuments, significantly influencing its growth.

How did the Roman practice of granting citizenship to conquered peoples help stabilize their empire?

• It created loyalty by including more people in the political system.

• It limited the power of Roman elites.

• It allowed conquered peoples to maintain complete autonomy.

• It restricted citizenship to Romans only.

Answer explanation

Granting citizenship to conquered peoples fostered loyalty by integrating them into the Roman political system, making them feel valued and invested in the empire's stability, which helped maintain order and unity.

The Gupta Empire is best known for contributing which of the following to the world?

• The concept of zero and the decimal system

• The invention of gunpowder

• The development of algebra

• The creation of hieroglyphic writing

Answer explanation

The Gupta Empire is renowned for its significant contributions to mathematics, particularly the concept of zero and the decimal system, which laid the foundation for modern arithmetic.

How does a republic differ from a direct democracy in terms of lawmaking?

• In a republic, elected representatives make decisions, whereas in a direct democracy, all citizens vote on laws.

• In a direct democracy, elected officials create laws, whereas in a republic, all citizens vote directly on legislation.

• In a republic, the leader holds complete power, whereas in a direct democracy, a council makes laws.

• In a direct democracy, political parties control the government, whereas in a republic, individuals have greater power.

Answer explanation

In a republic, citizens elect representatives to make laws on their behalf, while in a direct democracy, all citizens participate directly in voting on laws. This distinction highlights the representative nature of a republic.

Which form of government, commonly used in early Greece, concentrated power in the hands of a few wealthy individuals?

• Monarchy

• Democracy

• Oligarchy

• Tyranny

Answer explanation

Oligarchy is the correct answer as it refers to a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals, which was common in early Greece, unlike monarchy, democracy, or tyranny.

Which civilization is responsible for developing the decimal system that is still used today?

• Han China

• Gupta India

• Roman Empire

• Ancient Greece

Answer explanation

The decimal system, which includes the concept of zero and positional notation, was developed by mathematicians in Gupta India. This system is the foundation of modern mathematics and is still in use today.