Features of Science in Psychology Quiz

What is meant by falsifiability in psychological research?

• The use of empirical methods to gather data

• The construction of theories based on beliefs

• The idea that a hypothesis can be proven wrong

• The ability to replicate a study and get the same results

Define what is meant by the term paradigm.

• A set of shared assumptions and methods within a discipline

• A method of testing hypotheses

• A process of collecting empirical data

• A theory that cannot be falsified

Explain replicability as a feature of science.

• The idea that a hypothesis can never be proven true

• The use of subjective opinions in research

• The process of constructing theories based on empirical data

• The ability to conduct research again and achieve consistent results

What is meant by a paradigm shift?

• The replication of a study to confirm results

• A change in the shared assumptions and methods within a discipline

• The use of empirical methods to gather data

• The construction of a new theory based on beliefs

Outline objectivity and empirical methods as features of science.

• Objectivity involves personal opinions; empirical methods are based on beliefs

• Objectivity means no personal bias; empirical methods involve systematic data collection

• Objectivity is subjective; empirical methods are unstructured

• Objectivity is based on beliefs; empirical methods are random

What is a key feature of a scientific discipline according to Kuhn?

• The ability to create knowledge based on belief

• The presence of a unifying paradigm

• The inability to replicate studies

• The use of subjective opinions in research

What is the inductive process in theory construction?

• Starting with a general theory and narrowing it down

• Using subjective opinions to form a theory

• Testing a hypothesis without empirical data

• Collecting evidence to support a theory before constructing it

What is the deductive process in theory construction?

• Beginning with a general theory and testing specific hypotheses

• Testing hypotheses without empirical data

• Starting with specific observations and forming a general theory

• Using beliefs to form a theory

Why is the Freudian psychodynamic approach criticized in terms of falsifiability?

• It is based on empirical data

• It creates circular arguments that prevent refutation

• It is easily proven wrong

• It relies on objective methods

What is an example of a paradigm shift in psychology?

• The use of subjective opinions in research

• The inability to replicate studies

• The continued dominance of psychoanalytic theory

• The shift from psychoanalytic to behaviorist and then to cognitive approaches