AP Psych Unit 3 Formative Dummy 3

In which scenario would brightness constancy fail?

• Viewing a dark object under a bright light without any surrounding objects for comparison.

• Viewing a brightly colored object in a dimly lit room.

• Observing an object outside under natural sunlight.

• Observing objects of the same color in different environments.

If you were an interior decorator using a dark-colored paint, how would you ensure its color looks the same under different lighting conditions?

• Avoid placing it near windows to reduce reflections.

• Make sure the surrounding colors complement the paint to maintain color constancy.

• Choose lighter colors to avoid dramatic shifts in perception.

• Use multiple layers of paint to ensure consistent appearance.

A photographer takes a picture of a blue object in three different lighting conditions, but the color appears the same in all three images. This is an example of:

• Brightness constancy.

• Color constancy.

• Relative luminance.

• Shape constancy.

How would you explain the Ames room illusion to someone unfamiliar with perceptual distortions?

• It tricks the brain into thinking objects are farther away, making them look larger.

• It relies on brightness constancy to create the illusion of depth.

• It uses color constancy to make objects appear different in size.

• It distorts the retina, making all objects appear skewed.

Which of the following would be an example of size constancy in action?

• Identifying a friend in a crowd despite poor lighting.

• Recognizing a car as large enough to hold people, even when seen from far away.

• Observing the moon looking bigger on the horizon.

• Noticing that a shirt’s color stays the same indoors and outdoors.

Which of the following best defines cognition?

• The ability to control emotions effectively.

• The mental processes involved in thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

• The physical response to external stimuli.

• The process of learning through reinforcement.

What is the purpose of forming concepts according to psychologists?

• To develop emotional intelligence.

• To simplify and organize mental activities.

• To increase cognitive load and complexity.

• To enhance physical coordination.

A prototype is defined as:

• A set of rules for categorizing objects.

• A mental image or best example of a category.

• An object used to define intelligence.

• A strategy used to solve problems.

Which of the following is an example of a prototype?

• A chair being used as a ladder.

• A penguin being identified more easily as a bird than a crow.

• A robin being identified as a typical bird.

• A whale being recognized as a mammal instantly.

Why might someone not recognize a whale as a mammal immediately?

• Because it resembles aquatic creatures more closely.

• Because it lacks distinct mammalian features.

• Because it does not fit the mammal prototype.

• Because it is smaller than other mammals.