AP Psych Unit 3 Formative Dummy 4

The tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions is called:

• Heuristic thinking

• Mental set

• Confirmation bias

• Insight

What mental shortcut allows quick judgments but can lead to stereotypes?

• Representativeness heuristic

• Algorithm

• Fixation

• Availability heuristic

The inability to solve a problem due to relying on past strategies that don’t work in new situations is called:

• Confirmation bias

• Fixation

• Insight

• Algorithm

Jane needs to create a new sales strategy but keeps returning to a strategy that worked last year, despite evidence that it's no longer effective. What is Jane demonstrating?

• Insight

• Mental set

• Algorithm

• Heuristic

Sarah believes that all tech workers must be introverts because she met three tech workers who fit that stereotype. Which heuristic is influencing Sarah's thinking?

• Availability heuristic

• Representativeness heuristic

• Algorithm

• Mental set

Tommy is asked to solve a puzzle but can't get past a particular approach that worked on a previous puzzle, even though it's not helping him now. What cognitive obstacle is he facing?

• Fixation

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Confirmation bias

Paul is struggling to remember an event from last year. He mistakenly assumes that something more recent is the correct answer because it came to mind quickly. Which mental shortcut is Paul using?

• Representativeness heuristic

• Mental set

• Availability heuristic

• Algorithm

What does intuition refer to in psychological terms?

• An effortless, immediate feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit reasoning

• A well-thought-out, systematic decision-making process

• A process of following rules and guidelines when making decisions

• An analytical approach to solving problems

Who concluded that policymakers often make decisions 'by the seat of their pants'?

• Amos Tversky

• Daniel Kahneman

• Irving Janis

• Sharon Brehm

What does the representativeness heuristic involve?

• Judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

• Judging the likelihood of events based on prototypes

• Using vivid examples to make decisions

• Systematically evaluating all available evidence