AP Psych Unit 3 Formative Dummy 5

What is the primary influence of priming on decision-making?

• It reinforces existing beliefs without changing perceptions.

• It activates associations that shape perceptions and responses.

• It provides clarity in complex decision-making scenarios.

• It reduces cognitive biases related to decision outcomes.

A student believes that they will ace an upcoming exam despite not studying adequately. This scenario illustrates which cognitive bias?

• Belief perseverance

• Overconfidence

• Framing

• Gambler's fallacy

A company launches a marketing campaign emphasizing that “90% of our customers are satisfied” rather than “10% are dissatisfied.” What concept is being employed in this strategy?

• Sunk-cost fallacy

• Framing

• Belief perseverance

• Gambler's fallacy

If an investor continues to pour money into a failing project because they have already invested a significant amount, which cognitive bias are they demonstrating?

• Overconfidence

• Gambler's fallacy

• Sunk-cost fallacy

• Belief perseverance

What is defined as the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable?

• Creative thinking

• Convergent thinking

• Executive functioning

• Creativity

Which type of thinking involves narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the best solution?

• Divergent thinking

• Creative thinking

• Convergent thinking

• Functional fixedness

What cognitive process allows individuals to hold and manipulate information temporarily?

• Cognitive flexibility

• Inhibition

• Working memory

• Executive functioning

Which component of creativity refers to having well-developed knowledge that provides mental building blocks?

• Imaginative thinking skills

• Expertise

• Intrinsic motivation

• Cognitive flexibility

What personality trait is characterized by seeking new experiences and tolerating ambiguity?

• Intrusive motivation

• Intrinsically motivated

• A venturesome personality

• Functional fixedness

Which type of thinking is hindered by functional fixedness?

• Divergent thinking

• Convergent thinking

• Imaginative thinking

• Cognitive flexibility