DNA QUIZ (1-9 pages from PPT)

What does DNA stand for?

• • Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• • Deoxyribose Acid

• Deoxynucleic Acid

• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Which of the following bases pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?

• Cytosine ©

• Guanine (G)

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

What is the shape of the DNA molecule? 

• Single helix

• Double helix

• Triple helix

• Quadruple helix

Which enzyme is crucial for DNA replication? 

• RNA polymerase

• DNA ligase

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase 

In RNA, which base replaces Thymine (T)? 

• Adenine (A)

• Cytosine ©

• Guanine (G)

• Uracil (U) 

DNA replication occurs before cell division to ensure each daughter cell has a complete genome.

• True

• False

Adenine (A) pairs with Cytosine © in DNA. 

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Mutations in DNA can lead to genetic variability, which is essential for evolution. 

• True

• False

Describe the main components of a nucleotide. 

• a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)

• a phosphate group,

• a salt molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)

• and a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine in DNA; uracil replaces thymine in RNA). 

Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.

• DNA is responsible for the breakdown of proteins into amino acids, which are then used to build new DNA molecules.

• DNA provides the energy needed for cellular processes and directly synthesizes proteins without the need for mRNA or ribosomes.

• DNA carries genetic information and provides the instructions for the synthesis of proteins. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA, which then travels to the ribosome. During translation, the mRNA sequence is used to assemble amino acids into a specific protein.