Stimulus-Response Relationships

What is behavior often a reflection of?

• External factors only

• The way stimuli influence internal factors

• Random actions

• Genetic predisposition.

What is fundamental in the process of learning or changing behavior?

• Establishing new associations between stimuli and responses

• Memorizing facts

• Repeating actions

• Ignoring stimuli

Which of the following is NOT one of Thorndike's theories?

• A) Law of effect

• B) Law of exercise

• C) Law of readiness

• D) Law of attraction

In Thorndike's experiment, what did the cats need to do to escape the box?

• Push a button

• Pull a lever

• Climb a ladder

• Open a door

According to the Law of Effect, what happens when a behavior is associated with a positive consequence?

• The behavior is less likely to occur

• The behavior is more likely to occur

• The behavior remains unchanged

• The behavior is forgotten.

What method did cats initially use in Thorndike's experiment to discover the role of the lever?

• Observation

• Trial and error

• Instruction

• Imitation

Who conducted the experiments focusing on cats and the Law of Effect?

• Pavlov

• Skinner

• Thorndike

• Watson

What does the Law of Effect suggest about behaviors with no consequences?

• They are more likely to occur

• They are less likely to occur

• They remain unchanged

• They are forgotten.

What type of learning is demonstrated in Thorndike's experiment?

• Observational learning

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Insight learning

What did Thorndike later demonstrate about the connection between stimulus and response?

• Punishment always weakens the connection.

• A strong connection is unaffected by punishment.

• A strong connection is always weakened by negative consequences.

• Positive reinforcement is required to maintain the connection.