Look at the timeline of a span of European history. Which of the following best describes the theme of the timeline?

• the fall of the Roman Empire

• the Reformation in Europe

• the Age of Charlemagne

• the spread of the Catholic faith

Which Christian figure established the set of rules that governed life in many monasteries and convents throughout medieval Europe?

• Benedict

• Gregory

• Francis of Assisi

• Patrick

The Frankish empire Charlemagne created in Western Europe included

• the Byzantine empire.

• Spain and France.

• England and Ireland.

• France, Germany, and Italy.

In theory, feudalism was based on cooperation and support. Which phrase best describes feudalism in practice?

• strictly enforced code of chivalry

• unlimited rule by a few powerful monarchs

• frequent warfare among landowners

• economic ties between manors and towns

What was an important advantage of the three-field system of crop rotation?

• It divided large land holdings among vassals.

• It increased the amount of land that could be planted every year.

• It allowed all of a farmer’s land to be planted at once.

• It produced fewer crops for farmers to harvest.

How were craft guilds financed?

• They required members to pay fees.

• They accepted donations from other guilds.

• They were supported by the profits from trade fairs.

• They were funded by lords of large manors.

What was one cause of the four effects shown in the diagram?

• Spread of religion

• Invasions of Europe

• Improvements in farming

• Development of feudalism

Which statements describe results of the horse-powered plow? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• Surplus food allowed people to pursue other jobs.

• Serfs became bound to the land.

• Farmers brought more land into cultivation.

• The manor system developed.

How did feudalism bring order to Europe? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• It increased the power of powerful monarchs.

• It created a strict system of social ranks.

• It provided defense against foreign invaders.

• It brought all people under a single religion.

Look at the social pyramid of people under the feudal system. Which of the following groups belong in the bottom of the pyramid? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• Knights

• Peasants

• Serfs

• Monks