Applied Linguistics Quiz 2

How do you understand 'grammar'?

• The term may refer to the rules of grammar found mainly in written language

• The term refers to punctuation and spelling

• The term refers to the structure of academic style

• The term refers to the field of grammatical concepts

What is a token?

• Individiual occurrence of many words

• Individual occurrence of a word

• Individual style of a word

• Multiple occurrence of a word

Grammars with rules that make distinctions between correct and incorrect forms are defined as...

• descriptive grammars

• specific grammars

• linguistic grammars

• prescriptive grammars

What are the two major considerations when determining which vocabulary to focus on in language learning?

• The complexity of the vocabulary and the length of the course

• The cost of materials and the availability of resources

• The needs of the learners and the usefulness of the vocabulary items

• The preferences of the instructor and the textbook requirements

What are grammars called that aim to describe language as it is actually used?

• Prescriptive grammars

• Theoretical grammars

• Descriptive grammars

• Normative grammars

What method accounts for most first language vocabulary learning?

• Learning from rote memorization

• Learning from meaning-focused input through listening and reading

• Learning from explicit grammar instruction

• Learning from writing exercises

What does syntax specify in grammar?

• The meanings of individual words

• The pronunciation of words

• How words and phrases combine to form sentences

• The historical development of language

What is necessary to move receptive knowledge into productive knowledge?

• Learning from rote memorization

• Learning from silent reading

• Learning from watching videos

• Learning from meaning-focused output through speaking and writing

What does the functional model of communicative competence, proposed by Hymes (1972), focus on?

• Grammar rules

• Vocabulary lists

• How language functions in discourse

• Language translation

What are the major strategies for understanding unknown words and retaining them in memory?

• Rewriting sentences and memorizing definitions

• Listening to audio recordings and practicing pronunciation

• Guessing from context clues, studying word cards, using word parts, and dictionary use

• Watching videos and taking notes