foundation

give me two factors affecting the requirement of the foundation

• Soil characteristics

• Depth of frost line

• Color of the soil

Common types of shallow foundations:

• Spread footings

• Strip footings

• Mat or raft foundation

• Floating foundations

Common types of deep foundations:

• Pile foundations

• Drilled shafts

• Pier foundations

• Inflatable foundations

Cost of shallow foundation

• Shallow foundations are the most expensive foundation type due to the need for extra decorative elements.

• Shallow foundations are generally cheaper compared to deep foundations because they require less excavation and construction materials.

Types of shallow foundation:

• Spread footings

• Strip footings

• Slab-on-grade foundation

• Pyramid foundation

Factors the Geotechnical Engineer needs to consider in selecting a proper foundation:

• Soil type and bearing capacity

• Groundwater conditions

• Depth of excavation

• The height of nearby mountains

What kinds of loads to worry about:

• Dead load

• Live load

• Impact loads

• Load of flower pots on the windows

True bearing capacity failure:

• Occurs when the soil beneath the foundation cannot support the loads, causing excessive settlement or shear failure of the soil.

• Occurs when the soil becomes too smooth to hold the structure, leading to sliding.

General guidelines for foundation design:

• Ensure the foundation is placed on soil with adequate bearing capacity.

• Consider differential settlement and take steps to minimize it.

• The foundation depth should be below the frost line in cold regions.

• The foundation should be triangular to distribute weight better.

Factors safety depends on:

• Type of structure

• Soil conditions

• Material strength

• Size of the windows