Chapter 9 Lesson 2: Operant Conditioning

Maria learns that if she tips over her cup, her milk will spill on the floor. What is this learning an example of?

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

• shaping

• learned helplessness

Tom is cold because the bedroom window is open, so he closes the window and feels warmer. What is this an example of?

• a secondary reinforcer

• a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

What psychologist is most closely identified with operant conditioning?

• B.F. Skinner

• Ivan Pavlov

• John Watson

• Edward Tolman

A child cries uncontrollably when the bedroom light is turned out. The parent begins to leave the light on until the child has fallen asleep. What is this an example of?

• classical conditioning

• escape conditioning

• a response chain

• shaping

Money is an example of

• aversive control.

• avoidance conditioning.

• a secondary reinforcer.

• a primary reinforcer.

In which of these cases will responses be the most stable and last the longest?

• continuous schedule of reinforcement

• fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

• fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

• variable interval schedule of reinforcement

For every four times Morgan mows the lawn, her dad takes her to a local sporting event. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?

• fixed interval

• variable interval

• fixed ratio

• variable ratio

In the basic experiment that Skinner conducted, food was used as

• positive reinforcement.

• negative reinforcement.

• aversive control.

• avoidance conditioning.

The reinforcement process used to train an animal to do something it has never done before and would never do on its own is known as

• shaping.

• escape conditioning.

• continuous schedule reinforcement.

• aversive control.

How is avoidance conditioning different from escape conditioning?

• Avoidance conditioning stops something that is currently happening whereas escape conditioning occurs before something happens.

• Avoidance conditioning occurs before something happens whereas escape conditioning stops something that is currently happening.

• Avoidance conditioning occurs at fixed intervals whereas escape conditioning occurs at variable intervals.

• Avoidance conditioning occurs at variable intervals whereas escape conditioning occurs at fixed intervals.