Insect Circulatory System and Trehalose

The video explores the differences between vertebrate and insect circulatory systems, highlighting the closed system of vertebrates and the open system of insects. It explains how insects rely on blood mixing to deliver energy, with trehalose playing a crucial role as a mobile sugar. Trehalose is hydrolyzed to glucose, providing energy for flight muscles while minimizing osmotic impact.

What is the main difference between insect and vertebrate circulatory systems?

• Insects have a closed circulatory system.

• Vertebrates do not have a central heart.

• Vertebrates have an open circulatory system.

• Insects rely on blood mixing for energy delivery.

How does the hemolymph move in an insect's body?

• It circulates through veins and arteries.

• It flows due to heartbeat and body movements.

• It moves from the head to the posterior end.

• It is pumped by a central heart.

How long does it take for complete blood mixing in active insects?

• 5 to 10 minutes

• 25 to 35 minutes

• 1 to 2 hours

• 15 to 20 minutes

What is the role of the dorsal heart in an insect's circulatory system?

• It pumps blood to the lungs.

• It stores nutrients for later use.

• It moves hemolymph from the posterior to the head.

• It filters waste from the hemolymph.

Why is trehalose considered the mobile sugar of choice for insects?

• It is not present in hemolymph.

• It is a reducing sugar.

• It has a high osmotic impact.

• It is chemically inert and easily hydrolyzed.

What is the primary energy source for the flight muscles of many active insects?

• Nucleic acids

• Fats

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

What enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing trehalose in insect flight muscles?

• Amylase

• Lactase

• Invertase

• Trehalase

What happens to glucose after it is produced from trehalose in insect muscles?

• It enters the glycolytic pathway.

• It is stored as glycogen.

• It is excreted from the body.

• It is converted back to trehalose.

What is the advantage of trehalose over free glucose in terms of osmotic impact?

• Trehalose has a higher osmotic impact.

• Trehalose has half the osmotic impact.

• Trehalose has no osmotic impact.

• Trehalose and glucose have the same osmotic impact.

Why is it important for trehalose to have a low osmotic impact in insects?

• To prevent dehydration.

• To increase energy storage.

• To reduce chemical reactivity.

• To maintain hemolymph pressure.