Scales of Change on Earth's Surface

An example of a small scale change is __________.

• a wave rubbing sand against a rock, weathering it.

• a mountain forming over millions of years.

• a river carving out a canyon.

• a glacier moving across a continent.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

How long does it take small changes to create something big like the Namib Desert?

• a week

• a year

• millions of years

• hundreds of years

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

When rock is broken down in place it is called _________, but if material is removed, it is called _________.

• weathering; erosion

• erosion; weathering

• deposition; erosion

• weathering; deposition

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following is NOT a way ice would play a role in small scale changes?

• A glacier grates over a boulder slowly, weathering the rock.

• An ice shelf breaks off Antarctica and crashes into the ocean.

• As ice slowly melts on a mountainside, it slides some topsoil downhill.

• A small piece of a glacier melts, dropping the small stones it had picked up as it moved.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

How are sand dunes formed?

• Eroded sand is carried by the wind and deposited.

• A large flood leaves the sand behind in wave shapes.

• Beetles walk across the sand and it forms big ripples.

• The ground beneath the dunes is already shaped like hills.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Mountain ranges are formed over hundreds of millions of years through the process of _________.

• uplift

• erosion

• sedimentation

• volcanism

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

In which way do continents NOT change?

• They move about 1-3 cm/year.

• Forces underneath the crust cause uplift.

• Gravity pulls the crust inward, causing depressions.

• Waves erode rock and change the shape of coastlines.

Sandstone is formed by __________.

• sand being deposited in layers that are compacted together

• volcanic eruptions

• glacial movements

• chemical precipitation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Limestone caves are formed through the process of __________ when a chemical reaction causes the limestone to dissolve into water.

• chemical weathering

• physical erosion

• biological activity

• thermal expansion

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is the difference between magma and lava?

• There is no difference.

• Magma is solid rock and lava is molten rock.

• Magma is molten rock and lava is solid rock.

• Magma is below ground and lava is above ground.