Respiratory Quiz

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with the following ABG results:
pH: 7.32
PaCO2: 55 mm Hg
HCO3: 30 mEq/L
PaO2: 60 mm Hg
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these ABG results?

• Metabolic Acidosis

• Metabolic Alkalosis

• Respiratory Acidosis

• Respiratory Alkalosis

A patient in the ICU develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following ABG results would most likely be seen in a patient with ARDS in the early stages?

• pH: 7.48,

  PaCO2: 32 mm Hg, HCO3: 24 mEq/L, PaO2: 55 mm Hg

• pH: 7.32,

  PaCO2: 55 mm Hg, HCO3: 24 mEq/L, PaO2: 90 mm Hg

• pH: 7.45,

  PaCO2: 40 mm Hg, HCO3: 24 mEq/L, PaO2: 80 mm Hg

• pH: 7.28,

  PaCO2: 50 mm Hg, HCO3: 26 mEq/L, PaO2: 45 mm Hg

A patient is admitted with pneumonia and is intubated for acute respiratory failure. After 2 hours on mechanical ventilation, the following ABG results are obtained:
pH: 7.50
PaCO2: 30 mm Hg
HCO3: 24 mEq/L
PaO2: 65 mm Hg
Which ventilator adjustment would be most appropriate for this patient?

• Increase tidal volume

• Decrease respiratory rate

• Increase PEEP

• Decrease FiO2

The next 3 questions are based on this patient information:
You are caring for a 68-year-old male with a history of heart failure and diabetes who was admitted to the ICU for severe pneumonia. He develops ARDS and is placed on mechanical ventilation. After 24 hours, the following ABG results are obtained:
pH: 7.29
PaCO2: 60 mm Hg
HCO3: 26 mEq/L
PaO2: 55 mm Hg
Ventilator settings: FiO2 70%, PEEP 10 cm H2O, RR 20 breaths/min
Based on the ABG results, what is the most appropriate interpretation? (Select the best answer)

• Compensated metabolic acidosis

• Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

• Compensated respiratory acidosis

• Mixed acidosis

Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate to improve the patient's oxygenation and ventilation? (Select all that apply)

• Increase PEEP to 12 cm H2O

• Increase FiO2 to 100%

• Initiate prone positioning

• Decrease the respiratory rate

• Administer a bronchodilator

Given the patient’s ABG values and condition, what complications should you monitor for? (Select all that apply)

• Barotrauma

• Pulmonary embolism
  

• Ventilator-associated pneumonia

• Pulmonary fibrosis

• Myocardial infarction

You receive a new ABG result for a patient with ARDS:
pH: 7.45
PaCO2: 25 mm Hg
HCO3: 24 mEq/L
PaO2: 60 mm Hg
Which of the following ventilator changes should be made to correct the ABG abnormalities?

• Increase FiO2

• • Decrease respiratory rate

• • Increase

  • PEEP

• • Decrease tidal volume

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with the following ABG results:
pH: 7.25
PaCO2: 28 mm Hg
HCO3: 15 mEq/L
PaO2: 90 mm Hg
What is the correct interpretation of these results?

• Metabolic Acidosis

• Respiratory Acidosis

• Metabolic Alkalosis

• Respiratory Alkalosis

A patient with acute respiratory failure has the following ABG results:
pH: 7.28
PaCO2: 60 mm Hg
HCO3: 26 mEq/L
PaO2: 70 mm Hg
Which of the following conditions is most likely causing these ABG results?

• Asthma exacerbation

• Pulmonary embolism

• Myocardial infarction

• Hyperventilation syndrome

A patient in the ICU develops ARDS. Which ventilator setting is most appropriate to reduce the risk of barotrauma while improving oxygenation?

• Increase FiO2 to 100%

• Use low tidal volumes (6 mL/kg)

• Increase the respiratory rate

• Decrease PEEP to 5 cm H2O