QUIZ 201 MED SPL.

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary source of knowledge?
   
   
   
   

• 1. a) Empirical observation

• 1. b) Logical reasoning

• 1. c) Personal opinion

• 1. d) Expert testimony

1. Epistemology primarily deals with:
   
   
   
   

• 1. a) The nature of reality

• 1. b) The study of knowledge

• 1. c) The structure of societies

• 1. d) The methods of scientific research

    Which test is considered a non-parametric test?

• a) Student t-test

• b) ANOVA

• c) Chi-square test

• d) Pearson correlation

9. Reliability in research instruments refers to:
   
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) The accuracy of the data collected

• 9. b) The consistency of the measurements

• 9. c) The validity of the instrument

• 9. d) The generalizability of the results

9. Which of the following is a common ethical issue in educational research?
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) Lack of statistical significance

• 9. b) Researcher bias

• 9. c) Insufficient sample size

• 9. d) Inconsistent data collection methods

9. Why is research in special education particularly important?
   
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) To evaluate educational policies

• 9. b) To address individual learning needs

• 9. c) To develop new teaching strategies for all students

• 9. d) To standardize educational assessments

Which research type focuses on understanding phenomena without immediate practical application?

• a) Action research

• b) Fundamental research

• c) Qualitative research

• d) Quantitative research

9. Which type of research design examines the relationship between variables without manipulation?
   
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) Experimental

• 9. b) Descriptive

• 9. c) Correlational

• 9. d) Pre-experimental

9. Which design involves collecting data before and after an intervention to measure its impact?
   
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) Pre-experimental design

• 9. b) Quasi-experimental design

• 9. c) Pre-post design

• 9. d) Single subject design

9. Single subject design is most appropriate for studying:
   
   
   
   
   

• 9. a) Large groups

• 9. b) General population trends

• 9. c) Individual behavior over time

• 9. d) Comparative effects between groups