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What is one of the core problems in switch technology?

• Internal speed-up

• Lack of user interfaces

• Inconsistent data packet sizes

• Inadequate software for routing

Answer explanation

In switch technology, internal speed-up is a key problem, especially as traffic grows and higher internal processing speeds are needed to maintain efficiency in core switches. The other options, such as lack of user interfaces or inconsistent packet sizes, are not significant challenges for switches at the hardware level. See slide 6.

What is the primary function of the “space switch” in network architecture?

• Provide security encryption for data

• Compress data before transmission

• Manage user access to the network

• Exchange data between different protocols

Answer explanation

The space switch in network architecture is primarily responsible for exchanging data between different protocols and ensuring efficient data routing. The other options—such as providing encryption, compressing data, or managing user access—are not tasks performed by the space switch. See slide 3.

In a typical switch architecture, what type of buffer can be used to prevent packet loss at high traffic loads?

• Input-buffered

• Output-buffered

• Crosspoint-buffered

• All of the above

Answer explanation

Buffering can occur at multiple stages—input, output, or at crosspoints—in switch designs. These buffers help manage traffic by temporarily storing packets to prevent loss due to congestion. See slide 12.

What is a key feature of the Banyan network architecture?

• Multistage routing

• Ring structure

• Full centralization

• Guaranteed bandwidth allocation

Answer explanation

The Banyan network architecture is a multiprocessor structure that uses a self-routing mechanism with a multistage layout. This helps it efficiently manage and direct large volumes of traffic across different nodes. See slide 17.

Which of the following is a key feature of a fat-tree datacenter network architecture?

• It relies on a single path for data transmission

• It uses a hierarchical structure with multiple paths

• It limits the number of devices that can connect

• It is designed to reduce data storage requirements

Answer explanation

A fat-tree datacenter network architecture is characterized by its hierarchical design, which provides multiple paths for data to travel. See slide 31.