after-class quiz 2 (research methods 1)

A researcher proposes the hypothesis, “High stress leads to decreased sleep quality.” How does this hypothesis demonstrate falsifiability?

• It can be validated through observation.
• It can be tested through experiments and potentially proven wrong.
• It is a widely accepted fact.
• It does not involve variable changes.

What is an operational definition?

• A general description of a concept
• A method for peer review
• A precise definition that specifies how a variable will be measured
• A theoretical framework

What is the purpose of peer review in scientific research?

• To ensure that all research is published
• To provide a forum for researchers to collaborate
• To evaluate the quality and validity of research before publication
• To promote specific theories

Which type of study focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis?

• Quantitative study
• Qualitative study
• Case study
• Naturalistic observation

In a case study, a researcher conducts an in-depth analysis of a patient with anxiety disorder. What is a major advantage of this method?

• Data collection is quick and straightforward.
• It provides deep personal insights and rich background information.
• Results have broad generalizability.
• All variables can be controlled.

In conducting naturalistic observation, a researcher notes children's interactions in a playground. What is a primary advantage of this research method?

• All external variables can be controlled.
• Data collection is quick.
• Results are easy to quantify.
• True behavior can be observed in a natural setting.

What is random sampling?

• Selecting participants based on convenience
• Surveying only a specific demographic
• Sampling only those who volunteer
• Choosing participants in a way that every individual has an equal chance of being selected

In a survey about adolescent eating habits, the researcher uses random sampling. What is the primary advantage of this method?

• It allows for quick completion of the survey.
• It reduces the cost of the research.
• It ensures diversity and representativeness in the sample.
• It increases the sample size.