What are the reference ranges and screening for disease in elderly?

• Reference ranges are the same for all age groups; screening is unnecessary for the elderly.
• Screening for disease in the elderly only includes vision tests and cholesterol levels.
• Elderly individuals do not require any health screenings; reference ranges are fixed.
• Reference ranges in the elderly vary due to age-related changes; screening includes tests for hypertension, diabetes, and cancer.

In a recent health seminar, Mia learned about the renal function and electrolytes balance in elderly patients. Which of the following statements did she find to be true?

• Elderly individuals have improved renal function and electrolyte balance.

• Renal function in the elderly is unaffected by age-related changes.

• Electrolyte imbalances are not a concern for elderly patients.

• Elderly individuals experience decreased renal function and altered electrolyte balance, necessitating careful monitoring and management.

Which of the following are common diseases in elderly individuals?

• CVD, diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, and dementia.

• skin infections and allergies.

• affected by childhood diseases

• acute respiratory infections.

Whic of the following is the malnutrition in elderly patient?

• Malnutrition in the elderly is primarily caused by overnutrition.
• Elderly patients require no special dietary considerations.
• Malnutrition in elderly patients is characterized by inadequate nutrient intake due to various factors, leading to adverse health outcomes.

• Malnutrition is only a concern for children.

In a recent health seminar, Abigail learned about the notable shifts in the analytes in elderly individuals. What did she discover?

• A steady rise in cholesterol, glucose, ALP, PSA and urate

• An increased in plasma total protein and albumin

• Elevated plasma electrolytes.

What happens to the GFR with age?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It remains the same

• It fluctuates

What is the most common cause of bone disease in elderly?

• Paget's disease

• Osteoporosis

• Osteomalacia

• Rheumatoid arthritis

Mia is concerned about her grandmother's health and wants to know what is the recommended vitamin D supplementation for elderly individuals like her grandmother.

• 200–400 U/d

• 400–600 U/d

• 600–800 U/d

• 800–1000 U/d

During a health check-up, William was informed about his plasma urate level. What level is indicative of gout?

• Less than 6.8 mg/dL

• Equal to 6.8 mg/dL

• Greater than 6.8 mg/dL

• None of the above

Nora is feeling unusually tired and has noticed some changes in her weight. What is the classical feature of hypothyroidism in elderly?

• Weight gain

• Weight loss

• Increased energy

• None of the above