Quarterly Exam Review

What are the main factors that affect the solubility of a substance?

• Color of the substance

• Size of the container

• Temperature, pressure, nature of solute and solvent, and presence of other substances.

• Time of day when dissolved

Answer explanation

The solubility of a substance is primarily influenced by temperature, pressure, the nature of the solute and solvent, and the presence of other substances, making this the correct choice.

What does the pH scale measure?

• The concentration of solutes in a solution.

• The acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

• The temperature of a solution.

• The color of a solution.

Answer explanation

The pH scale specifically measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating how acidic (low pH) or basic (high pH) a solution is. This makes the second choice the correct answer.

How do you calculate the concentration of a solution?

• Concentration (C) = Amount of solute (n) / Amount of solution (V)

• Concentration (C) = Amount of solute (n) + Volume of solution (V)

• Concentration (C) = Amount of solution (V) / Amount of solute (n)

• Concentration (C) = Volume of solution (V) / Amount of solute (n)

Answer explanation

To calculate concentration, use the formula Concentration (C) = Amount of solute (n) / Volume of solution (V). This correctly relates the amount of solute to the total volume of the solution.

What is the difference between miscible and non-miscible liquids?

• Miscible liquids evaporate faster than non-miscible liquids.

• Miscible liquids are always colored; non-miscible liquids are colorless.

• Miscible liquids mix completely; non-miscible liquids do not mix.

• Miscible liquids can only be gases; non-miscible liquids are always solids.

Answer explanation

Miscible liquids mix completely, meaning they can form a homogeneous solution, while non-miscible liquids do not mix and remain separate, forming distinct layers. This is the key difference between the two types of liquids.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids in liquids?

• Higher temperatures decrease the solubility of solids.

• Temperature has no effect on solubility.

• Temperature generally increases the solubility of solids in liquids.

• Solubility of solids is only affected by pressure, not temperature.

Answer explanation

Temperature generally increases the solubility of solids in liquids because higher energy allows more solute particles to dissolve, overcoming the forces holding them together.

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acid is added?

• The pH of the solution fluctuates randomly.

• The pH of the solution decreases.

• The pH of the solution remains the same.

• The pH of the solution increases.

Answer explanation

When an acid is added to a solution, it increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which lowers the pH. Therefore, the correct answer is that the pH of the solution decreases.

What is the role of water in a neutralization reaction?

• Water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction between an acid and a base.

• Water increases the temperature of the reaction.

• Water neutralizes the acid before the base is added.

• Water acts as a catalyst in the reaction.

Answer explanation

In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt. The correct choice highlights that water is produced as a byproduct, which is a key characteristic of this type of reaction.

How can you determine if a solution is saturated?

• A solution is saturated if it is completely clear.

• A solution is saturated if it has a high temperature.

• A solution is saturated if it contains no solute.

• A solution is saturated if additional solute does not dissolve.

Answer explanation

A solution is saturated when it can no longer dissolve additional solute. This means that any extra solute added will remain undissolved, indicating the solution has reached its maximum solubility.

What is the significance of the pH of 7 on the pH scale?

• A pH of 7 signifies a neutral solution.

• A pH of 7 indicates an acidic solution.

• A pH of 7 is considered highly alkaline.

• A pH of 7 represents a basic solution.

Answer explanation

A pH of 7 signifies a neutral solution, meaning it is neither acidic nor basic. This is the midpoint on the pH scale, where concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal.

What does solubility refer to?

• The process of a substance evaporating into the air.

• The measurement of a substance's temperature.

• The ability of a substance to change color in a solution.

• The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Answer explanation

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, making it the correct choice. The other options describe different processes or properties unrelated to solubility.