BNFH01_GeneExpression

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins.
• Proteins are synthesized directly from DNA without RNA.
• DNA is translated into RNA, which is then transcribed into proteins.
• RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into proteins.

What is a gene’s primary role?

• To store genetic information for future generations.
• To encode information for protein synthesis.
• To regulate the cell cycle and division.
• To provide energy for cellular processes.

Why is RNA necessary if the DNA contains all genetic information?

• RNA acts as a working copy that can leave the nucleus for protein synthesis.

• RNA is only involved in the replication of DNA.
• RNA can replace DNA in carrying genetic information.
• RNA is a type of DNA that stores genetic information.

How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

• 24 types

• 23 pairs

• 23

• 46

What is the role of histones in DNA organization?

• Histones are enzymes that break down DNA.
• Histones help organize, pack, and regulate gene expression.

• Histones are responsible for DNA replication only.
• Histones serve as a source of energy for DNA synthesis.

Why are promoter regions essential for transcription?

• They are binding sites for transcription factors and help initiate transcription.

• Promoter regions are only important for DNA replication.
• Promoter regions prevent transcription from occurring.
• Promoter regions are involved in protein folding.

What would likely happen if RNA polymerase could not bind to a gene’s promoter?

• Transcription of the gene will not occur.
• The gene will be permanently silenced.
• RNA polymerase will bind to other genes instead.
• The gene will be transcribed at a higher rate.

Which RNA molecule modification protects the transcript from degradation?

• Methylation of nucleotides
• 5' cap modification
• RNA splicing
• 3' poly-A tail modification

What distinguishes exons from introns?

• Introns are essential for protein synthesis; exons are not.
• Exons are coding regions; introns are non-coding regions.
• Exons are always longer than introns.
• Exons are found only in prokaryotes; introns are found only in eukaryotes.

How many nucleotides are needed to code for 4 amino acids?

• 12

• 4
• 6

• 16