ESS 206 Test I review

This is a "protective" mechanism in the heart to reduce friction

• Pericardium
• Myocardium
• Aorta
• Endocardium

What is the main reason for differences in cardiac wall thickness?

• Differences in cardiac wall thickness are due to genetic factors.
• Cardiac wall thickness varies based on age alone.
• The thickness is primarily influenced by diet and exercise.
• The main reason for differences in cardiac wall thickness is the varying pressure and workload demands on different heart chambers.

Which property of cardiac cells refers to their ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously?

• Excitability

• Conductivity

• Contractility

• Automaticity

During repolarization of ventricles

• the ventricles are relax

• the ventricles are contract

If the pulmonic valve "sticks" and does not open completely, which heart chamber does blood backup in as a result?

• Left atrium
• Right ventricle
• Right atrium
• Left ventricle

During resting inspiration, the

• diaphragm contracts and moves downward
• diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
• intercostal muscles contract and pull ribs down
• lungs expand and push air out

Which is the correct sequence of PO2 progressively decreasing?

• Alveoli > Atmosphere > Venous Blood > Arterial Blood
• Atmosphere > Alveoli > Arterial Blood > Venous Blood
• Venous Blood > Arterial Blood > Alveoli > Atmosphere
• Arterial Blood > Venous Blood > Atmosphere > Alveoli

Where is the respiratory center located that regulates inspiration, expiration, and rhythm of breathing?

• Cerebellum
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Brainstem (medulla oblongata and pons)

Which of the following are true about oxygen transport by the blood?

• An environment of high PO2 (such as >80 mm Hg) is necessary

• Under resting conditions, most of the hemoglobin releases oxygen

• Oxyhemoglobin dissociates easier/faster when blood enters active tissues

• Most of the oxygen transport in the blood is in the form of bicarbonate

Which of the following stimulate both the cardiovascular control center AND the respiratory center? (MC)

• Baroreceptors

• Peripheral Chemoreceptors

• Central Chemoreceptors

• All of these