Statistics Quiz

What type of scores include negatives when the Z-score is known?

• Z-scores

• T-scores

• IQ scores

• Percentile scores

What is the relationship between correlation and causation?

• Correlation is not causation

• Correlation is causation

• Correlation always proves causation

• Correlation never relates to causation

What does a negative covariance indicate?

• Variables deviate in opposite directions

• Variables deviate in the same direction

• Variables do not deviate

• Variables are constant

What does a higher absolute value of 'r' indicate in correlation?

• Stronger relationship

• Weaker relationship

• No relationship

• Inverse relationship

What is the area under a normal curve?

• 1

• 0

• 0.5

• 2

What does a T-score indicate when the population standard deviation is unknown?

• Only positive values

• Only negative values

• Zero values

• Infinite values

What can reduce the value of sample data in correlation?

• Measurement error in x or y

• Greater variability

• Presence of outliers

• Normal distribution

What does Spearman rank-order correlation measure?

• Agreement between rankings

• Difference in means

• Variance

• Outliers

What is the least important factor when selecting correlational coefficients?

• How big they are

• Confidence intervals

• Significance values

• Measurement scale

What is the relationship between independent and dependent variables in a scatterplot?

• A circle

• A triangle

• A line

• A square