Cosmological arguments

What was the rival 20th century view in physics to the Big Bang theory?

• The steady state theory

• The always existy theory

• The not big bang theory

• The statey steady theory

How does the Kalam cosmological argument go?

• 1. 1 I have a perfect idea of God
     2 There must be at least as much reality in cause as in the effect
     3 There must have been a perfect being to create my idea of perfection

• 1 God is that which nothing greater can be conceived

  2 It's greater to exist in reality as well as imagination

  3 Therefore God exists

• 1. 1 Whatever begins to exist has a cause
     2 The universe began to exist
     3 Therefore the universe had a cause

  2. 4 That cause is God

• 1 God is not a contingent being

  2 God is not an impossible being

  3 Therefore by elimination he's a necessary being

(Multiple choice) Which of these theologians defends the Kalam cosmological argument?

• William Lane Craig

• Al Ghazali

• Thomas Aquinas

• Rene Descartes

What is Aquinas' first way from?

• From contingency

• From motion

• From causation

• From Russia with love

Which of Aristotle's four causes does Aquinas make use of in his "second way"?

• Material cause

• Efficient cause

• Formal cause

• Final cause

(Multiple choice) Which of these philosophers put forward a cosmological argument from contingency?

• Rene Descartes

• Thomas Aquinas

• Gottfried Leibniz

• William Lane Craig

Who developed the 'principle of sufficient reason'?

• William Lane Craig

• Thomas Aquinas

• Rene Descartes

• Gottfried Leibniz

Which of these best encapsulates the principle of sufficient reason?

• Everything that can happen, will happen

• Everything that exists has an explanation for its existence

• Everything that exists has an external cause

• Everybody do the cha cha slide

(Multiple choice) Which atheist philosophers accuse the cosmological argument of making the 'fallacy of composition'?

• J.L. Mackie

• Bertrand Russell

• Epicurus

• David Hume

Which of these would violate the principle of sufficient reason?

• Analytic truths

• Truths of fact

• Efficient causes

• Brute facts