Quiz on Research Designs and Evidence-Based Medicine

What does the term 'exposure' refer to in research designs?

• Any factor that may be associated with the outcome

• The total number of participants in a study

• The method of data collection used

What does the term 'exposure' refer to in research designs?

• Any factor that may be associated with the outcome

• The total number of participants in a study

• The method of data collection used

What is the main advantage of longitudinal studies?

• They are easier to analyze

• They require less time to conduct

• They allow for the determination of cause and effect over time

• They are less expensive than other studies

Which of the following is a disadvantage of case-control studies?

• They are time-consuming

• They require extensive resources

• They are always prospective

• They can’t calculate the incidence

What is the definition of prevalence in research?

• The total number of participants in a study

• The proportion of a population with a specific characteristic at a given time

• The measure of risk associated with an exposure

• The number of new cases in a population

What type of study design collects data at a single point in time?

• Case-control study

• Cohort study

• Cross-sectional study

• Longitudinal study

Which research design is considered the strongest among observational study designs?

• Case-control study

• Cross-sectional study

• Cohort study

• Case report

What is a key disadvantage of interventional studies?

• They are inexpensive to conduct

• They can establish cause and effect relationships

• They may be unethical if harm is likely

• They require minimal resources

What does the term 'incidence' measure?

• The average duration of a disease

• The proportion of a population with a specific characteristic

• The number of new cases that develop in a population over a specified time period

• The total number of existing cases in a population

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cross-sectional studies?

• They are easy to conduct

• They involve follow-up of participants

• They provide information on prevalence

• They assess exposure and outcome simultaneously