语言教学的历史

What were the major contributions of C. Marcel to language teaching?

• He referred to child language learning as a model for language teaching.

• He emphasized the importance of meaning in learning.

• He proposed that reading be taught before other skills.

• He tried to locate language teaching within a broader educational framework.

What were the major contributions of T. Prendergast to language teaching?

• He was one of the first to record the observation that children rely on the situation and context to understand what is being said.

• He proposed the first structural syllabus, which means teaching learners the most basic sentence patterns in the language.

What were the major contributions of F. Gouin to language teaching?

• Gouin developed an approach to teaching a foreign language based on his observations of children's use of language.

• He believed that language learning was facilitated through using language to accomplish events consisting of a sequence of related actions.

• His method used situations and themes as ways of organizing and presenting oral language.

• He established schools to teach according to his method.

• Using gestures and actions to express the meaning of words is a practice that later became part of methods like Situational Language Teaching and Total Physical Response.

What was the goal of foreign language programs recognized by educators?

• Speaking proficiency

• Reading comprehension

• Grammar

• Literary appreciation

What was one of the earliest goals of the International Phonetic Association?

• To improve the teaching of modern language.

• To create a new alphabet.

• To record sounds of any language.

• To establish good pronunciation habits.

What did Henry Sweet believe teaching approaches should be based on?

• Scientific analysis of language.

• Grammar rules.

• Psychological studies.

• Cultural context.

What did German scholar Welhem Vieter criticize?

• Grammar-Translation Method.

• Direct Method.

• Natural Method.

• Phonetic training.

What principle did the reformers generally believe in?

• The spoken language is primary.

• Grammar should be taught deductively.

• Translation is essential.

• Written language is more important.

What was emphasized in the Direct Method?

• Oral communication skills.

• Grammar rules.

• Translation.

• Written exercises.

What did L. Sauveur advocate for in language teaching?

• Intensive oral interaction.

• Use of the native tongue.

• Focus on grammar rules.

• Translation of texts.