Understanding Agricultural Systems and Processes

What is the main characteristic of an open system in terms of energy and matter flow?

• Energy flows in and out, but matter does not.

• Both energy and matter flow in and out.

• Neither energy nor matter flow in and out.

• Matter flows in and out, but energy does not.

Answer explanation

An open system allows both energy and matter to flow in and out, distinguishing it from closed or isolated systems. This characteristic enables interactions with the environment, making the correct choice: both energy and matter flow in and out.

Which of the following best describes a closed system?

• Energy and matter both flow in and out.

• Only energy flows in and out, matter does not.

• Only matter flows in and out, energy does not.

• Neither energy nor matter flow in and out.

Answer explanation

A closed system allows only energy to flow in and out, while matter remains contained. Therefore, the correct choice is 'Only energy flows in and out, matter does not.'

In an isolated system, what is the flow of energy and matter?

• Energy flows in and out, but matter does not.

• Both energy and matter flow in and out.

• Neither energy nor matter flow in and out.

• Matter flows in and out, but energy does not.

Answer explanation

In an isolated system, there is no exchange with the surroundings. Therefore, neither energy nor matter can flow in or out, making the correct answer 'Neither energy nor matter flow in and out.'

Which of the following is an example of an open system?

• A sealed thermos flask.

• A boiling pot of water without a lid.

• A closed refrigerator.

• A vacuum-sealed container.

Answer explanation

A boiling pot of water without a lid is an open system because it allows both matter and energy to flow in and out. In contrast, the other options are closed systems that restrict such exchanges.

What is a key feature of intensive agriculture?

• Large land area with low input and output.

• Small land area with high input and output.

• Large land area with high input and output.

• Small land area with low input and output.

Answer explanation

Intensive agriculture is characterized by small land areas that utilize high inputs (like fertilizers and labor) to achieve high outputs (crop yields). This contrasts with extensive agriculture, which uses larger areas with lower inputs and outputs.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extensive agriculture?

• High labour and capital input per unit area.

• Low labour and capital input per unit area.

• High yield per hectare.

• High use of technology and fertilisers.

Answer explanation

Extensive agriculture is characterized by low labour and capital input per unit area, focusing on large land areas with minimal inputs, unlike intensive agriculture which uses high inputs for higher yields.

In the context of agriculture as a system, what are 'inputs'?

• The final products of the agricultural process.

• The resources such as seeds, water, and fertilisers used in farming.

• The boundaries that define the agricultural area.

• The interactions between different subsystems.

Answer explanation

In agriculture, 'inputs' refer to essential resources like seeds, water, and fertilizers that are used in farming. They are crucial for the production process, unlike final products or boundaries.

What does 'feedback' refer to in an agricultural system?

• The initial resources used in the system.

• The processes that occur within the system.

• The information used to adjust and improve the system.

• The final outputs of the system.

Answer explanation

In an agricultural system, 'feedback' refers to the information used to adjust and improve the system. This helps in optimizing processes and outcomes based on previous results.

Which of the following is considered an 'output' in an agricultural system?

• Seeds and fertilisers.

• Water and sunlight.

• Crops and livestock products.

• Soil and land.

Answer explanation

In an agricultural system, 'outputs' refer to the products generated, such as crops and livestock products. Seeds, fertilizers, water, sunlight, soil, and land are inputs or resources used in the production process.

What role do 'boundaries' play in an agricultural system?

• They determine the inputs and outputs.

• They define the limits of the system.

• They are the processes within the system.

• They are the feedback mechanisms.

Answer explanation

In an agricultural system, 'boundaries' define the limits of the system, determining what is included or excluded. This is crucial for understanding interactions and managing resources effectively.