Immune System Tolerance Quiz

What is the main difference between central tolerance and peripheral tolerance in the immune system?

• A) Central tolerance eliminates autoreactive cells in peripheral tissues, while peripheral tolerance occurs in the thymus and bone marrow.

• B) Central tolerance eliminates autoreactive lymphocytes during their development in primary lymphoid organs, while peripheral tolerance regulates mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs.

• C) Central tolerance occurs only in B cells, while peripheral tolerance occurs only in T cells.

• D) Central tolerance enhances the immune response to self-antigens, while peripheral tolerance suppresses the immune response to non-self-antigens.

Which mechanism eliminates autoreactive T cells in the thymus during negative selection?

• A) Clonal expansion

• B) Anergy induction

• C) Apoptosis

• D) Immune suppression by regulatory T cells

What happens to a T cell that recognizes a self-antigen in the absence of co-stimulatory signals?

• It undergoes apoptosis.

• It becomes anergic and is functionally inactivated.

• It differentiates into a regulatory T cell.

• It enhances its activation.

What is the primary function of the CTLA-4 protein in immune regulation?

• It promotes the activation of T cells by enhancing co-stimulatory signals.

• It competes with CD28 for binding to B7 molecules, providing an inhibitory signal that suppresses T cell activation.

• It binds to PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells, inhibiting the immune response.

• It triggers apoptosis in autoreactive T cells.

What is the role of PD-1 in immune regulation?

• It enhances T cell activation in the presence of antigen.

• It induces T cell proliferation upon antigen recognition.

• It inhibits T cell activation by binding to PD-L1 or PD-L2 on antigen-presenting cells.

• It stimulates regulatory T cell differentiation.

Which of the following is a key function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

• Enhancing the activation of effector T cells

• Promoting immune tolerance by suppressing autoreactive T cells

• Initiating the immune response against foreign pathogens

• Promoting the maturation of B cells in the bone marrow

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which transcription factor is essential for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

• GATA-3

• FOXP3

• NF-κB

• STAT6

How does B cell receptor editing contribute to immune tolerance?

• It induces apoptosis in autoreactive B cells.

• It allows B cells to change their antigen receptors to avoid recognition of self-antigens.

• It promotes the deletion of B cells in the bone marrow.

• It enhances the affinity of B cell receptors for self-antigens.

Which of the following best describes the role of HLA subtypes in autoimmune diseases?

• All autoimmune diseases are caused by mutations in HLA genes.

• Certain HLA subtypes are associated with an increased risk of developing specific autoimmune diseases.

• HLA subtypes have no impact on autoimmune disease susceptibility.

• HLA subtypes only determine susceptibility to infections, not autoimmune diseases.

Which of the following is an example of an environmental trigger that can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases?

• Chronic bacterial or viral infections

• Deficiency in regulatory T cells

• Excessive exercise

• High-fat diet