Psychology Review

Which approach to psychology focuses on the influence of the brain and nervous system on behaviour?

• Cognitive

• Biological

• Sociocultural

• Humanistic

Answer explanation

The biological approach to psychology examines how the brain and nervous system affect behavior, emphasizing the role of genetics, neurochemistry, and brain structure in influencing actions and mental processes.

What is the primary focus of the cognitive approach in psychology?

• Brain chemistry

• Thought processes

• Social interactions

• Unconscious motives

Answer explanation

The cognitive approach in psychology primarily focuses on thought processes, including how people perceive, remember, and think. This distinguishes it from other approaches that emphasize brain chemistry, social interactions, or unconscious motives.

Which psychological approach emphasises the role of unconscious processes and childhood experiences?

• Humanistic

• Sociocultural

• Psychodynamic

• Biological

Answer explanation

The psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences, emphasizing how these factors shape behavior and personality. This distinguishes it from humanistic, sociocultural, and biological approaches.

In psychological research, what does informed consent ensure?

• Participants are paid for their time

• Participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, risks, and requirements

• Participants are given a summary of the study after it concludes

• Participants are guaranteed a positive outcome

Answer explanation

Informed consent ensures that participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, risks, and requirements, allowing them to make an informed decision about their participation.

What is the principle of confidentiality in psychological research?

• Ensuring participants' data is shared with other researchers

• Keeping participants' identities and data private

• Allowing participants to discuss the study with others

• Publishing participants' results in scientific journals

Answer explanation

The principle of confidentiality in psychological research means keeping participants' identities and data private. This ensures their privacy and encourages honest participation, which is crucial for the integrity of the research.

What does the right to withdraw in a study allow participants to do?

• Change their responses after the study

• Leave the study at any time without penalty

• Demand a copy of the study's results

• Request additional compensation

Answer explanation

The right to withdraw allows participants to leave the study at any time without penalty, ensuring their autonomy and comfort throughout the research process.

What is the purpose of debriefing in experiments involving deception?

• To collect additional data from participants

• To explain the true purpose of the study to participants

• To apologise for any discomfort caused

• To offer participants a chance to retake the study

Answer explanation

The purpose of debriefing in experiments involving deception is to explain the true purpose of the study to participants. This helps clarify any misunderstandings and ensures ethical standards are upheld.

Which approach to psychology is most concerned with personal growth and self-fulfilment?

• Biological

• Cognitive

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

Answer explanation

The humanistic approach to psychology emphasizes personal growth and self-fulfillment, focusing on individual potential and self-actualization, making it the correct choice for this question.

What does the concept of neuroplasticity refer to?

• The brain's ability to heal from injury

• The brain's ability to reorganise and form new connections

• The brain's fixed structure and function

• The brain's capacity to store memories

Answer explanation

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganise and form new connections in response to learning, experience, or injury, making it crucial for recovery and adaptation.

What does the localisation of function in the brain refer to?

• The brain's ability to adapt to new situations

• Specific areas of the brain being responsible for specific tasks

• The brain's overall capacity for learning

• The uniform distribution of functions across the brain

Answer explanation

The localisation of function in the brain refers to the concept that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific tasks, such as language, memory, and motor control, making this the correct choice.