Language & Thought

What is mental imagery?

• The process of storing memories

• Representing objects or events with visual images in the mind

• Problem-solving through logical reasoning

• The ability to dream vividly

Mental imagery is faster with:

• Bottom-up processing

• Top-down processing

• Reconstructive memory

• Iconic memory

What are concepts?

• Ideas that represent a class of objects, events, or activities

• Memories of specific events

• Procedures to solve mathematical problems

• Sensory inputs stored in short-term memory

What is a prototype?

• The first step in problem-solving

• An example of a concept that closely matches its defining characteristics

• A vivid memory of a past event

• A rule for syntax in language

What do schemas do?

• Organize information and create mental generalizations

• Store language rules

• Block out irrelevant stimuli

• Control long-term memory

What is a script in the context of schemas?

• A formal concept for problem-solving

• A schema that involves a familiar sequence of activities

• A mental image of a place

• A strategy for storing information in long-term memory

What is the goal of problem-solving?

• To analyze sensory input

• To achieve a goal through thinking and behaving in specific ways

• To encode new memories

• To form new concepts

What is decision-making?

• Solving math problems with formulas

• The process of identifying, evaluating, and choosing between alternatives

• The creation of mental imagery

• The ability to recall memories accurately

What is the trial and error method?

• Testing solutions until one works

• Relying on past experiences to find the answer

• Solving problems with algorithms

• Creating new problems to test memory

What is an algorithm in problem-solving?

• A mental image of the solution

• A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct solution

• An educated guess based on prior knowledge

• A heuristic approach to learning