NAV1 MIDTERM QUIZ 1 (1080)

What is the primary principle behind the operation of an echo sounder?

• Electromagnetic waves

• Sound wave reflection

• Light wave emission

• Gravitational waves

Which component of the echo sounder is responsible for converting electrical energy into sound waves?

• Amplifier

• Transducer

• Recorder

• Pulse generator

Which type of echo sounder is most suitable for basic depth measurements in shallow waters?

• Multi-beam echo sounder

• Single-beam echo sounder

• Side-scan sonar

• Forward-looking sonar

What is the main advantage of a multi-beam echo sounder over a single-beam echo sounder?

• It is cheaper and easier to operate

• It provides a more detailed and broader area coverage of the seabed

• It uses less power

• It works better in shallow waters

Identify one common error caused by changes in water temperature, salinity, and pressure that affect the accuracy of an echo sounder.

• Pythagoras error

• Thermal layer error

• Aeration

• Stylus speed error

What component amplifies weak electrical signals received by the echo sounder?

• Transducer

• Amplifier

• Pulse generator

• Recorder

Which error occurs due to fluctuations in the voltage supplied to the stylus motor?

• Multiple echoes

• Zero line adjustment error

• Pythagoras error

• Stylus speed error

What is one method to compensate for the error caused by temperature variations in the water?

• Adjust the gain setting

• Use a thermistor near the transducer

• Reduce the pulse frequency

• Increase the transducer depth

What type of error can be caused by the improper adjustment of the zero line?

• Cross noise

• Aeration

• Zero line adjustment error

• Pythagoras error

How does high sensitivity of the amplifier result in cross noise?

• By masking shallow water depths

• By producing multiple echoes

• By causing aeration

• By reflecting off the seafloor multiple times