Cancer: Understanding the Basics

What distinguishes malignant tumors from benign growths?

• Benign growths produce metastases.

• Malignant tumors stop dividing eventually.

• Malignant tumors produce metastases.

• Benign growths divide indefinitely.

What is replicative senescence?

• The ability of cancer cells to stop dividing.

• The process of normal cells dividing indefinitely.

• The decline in vigor and death of normal cells after a limited number of divisions.

• The ability of cancer cells to divide indefinitely.

What is an oncogene?

• A gene that suppresses tumor formation.

• A gene that, when mutated, contributes to converting a normal cell into a cancer cell.

• A gene that stops cell division.

• A gene that repairs DNA.

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How do tumor suppressor genes function?

• They promote cell division.

• Their protein product inhibits mitosis.

• They cause cells to become immortal.

• They increase the rate of metastasis.

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Where is the BCL-2 gene located?

• On chromosome 22.

• On chromosome 2.

• On chromosome 18.

• On chromosome 14.

What type of cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma?

• A solid tumor of B lymphocytes.

• A solid tumor of T lymphocytes.

• A leukemia of red blood cells.

• A carcinoma of skin cells.

What is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

• A type of skin cancer.

• A solid tumor of B lymphocytes.

• An uncontrolled proliferation of one kind of white blood cell.

• A benign growth of white blood cells.

What is angiogenesis?

• The process of cancer cells dying.

• The formation of new blood vessels.

• The process of cells becoming benign.

• The reduction of blood supply to tumors.

What is a potential disadvantage of chemotherapy?

• It enhances the growth of tumors.

• It is ineffective against all types of cancer.

• It can cause severe side-effects by destroying healthy cells.

• It only targets malignant cells.

What is the LD50 test used for?

• Measuring the effectiveness of cancer treatments.

• Comparing the toxicity of chemicals.

• Determining the growth rate of tumors.

• Assessing the spread of cancer cells.