Energy flow in marine ecosystems

What do marine biologists study?

• only the ocean floor

• just marine mammals

• ALL of the organisms in the ocean environment

• only seaweeds and plankton

Phytoplankton are associated with the photic zone because they rely on the sun for the process of:

• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
• Chemosynthesis
• Heterotrophs

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Plankton that use photosynthesis to produce their own food are called:

• Phytoplankton
• Zooplankton

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Is the plankton pictured a producer or a consumer? How do you know?

• Producer;

  producers like this have structures to process the suns energy

• Consumer;

  consumers like this have structures to process the suns energy

• Producer;

  producers like this move and eat other organisms for energy

• Consumer;

  consumers like this move and eat other organisms for energy

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What is a producer?

• an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
• an organisms that uses sunlight to make its own food
• an organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, non-living material or waste

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The diagram is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows represent?

• The direction of population migration
• Differences in dietary habits
• Progressively smaller organisms
• The direction of the energy flow

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Light does not reach the bottom of the ocean, yet certain species live there. Which best explains how species on the bottom of the ocean get energy to live?

• Algae and bacteria produce energy through photosynthesis.
• Hydrothermal vents produce energy through chemical reactions.
• Dead plants and animals produce energy through decomposition.
• Light comes from the core of the earth.

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Deep ocean technology has discovered organisms in hydrothermal vents that do not rely on sunlight to survive. What do these organisms use as their energy source?

• chemosynthesis
• electrical charge
• hydropower
• thermal heat

Which is most likely to be the energy source for organisms living in hydrothermal vents?

• oxygen
• sunlight
• hydrogen sulfide

• carbon dioxide

Scenario

A portion of a marine ecosystem is pictured.

Prompt

Write a scientific explanation detailing the transfer of energy through the ecosystem shown in this image. Include in your explanation how much energy will be transferred to each level of the pyramid if the producers have 1 million kilocalories, and explain where the rest of the energy will go.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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