ATTACH - 6 - Bowlby

According to Bowlby, what is the primary purpose of attachment in infants?

• To enhance survival through proximity to the caregiver.
• To teach infants social behaviors.
• To form bonds based only on food provision.
• To promote independence from a young age.

What is the internal working model in Bowlby's theory?

• A mental template for future relationships formed from early attachment experiences.
• A biological model that explains innate attachment behavior.
• A cognitive model unrelated to attachment.
• A physical model showing the infant-caregiver bond.

What does monotropy refer to in Bowlby’s theory?

• The idea that infants form one special attachment to a primary caregiver.
• The idea that infants can only form one attachment in life.
• The idea that all attachments are equally important.
• The idea that fathers are the primary caregivers.

According to Bowlby, when must an attachment form to avoid emotional damage?

• During the critical period, between 0-2.5 years.
• By 6 months of age.
• Before adolescence.
• During the first month after birth.

What are social releasers, according to Bowlby’s theory?

• Cute behaviors like smiling and crying that trigger caregiver responses.
• Verbal cues that help infants communicate with their caregivers.
• The behaviors infants use to form attachments only with mothers.
• Actions learned from other children.

How did Harlow’s research support Bowlby’s critical period concept?

• Monkeys deprived of attachment after 90 days showed irreversible damage.
• Monkeys formed attachments at any time, showing no critical period.
• Monkeys did not form any attachments in captivity.
• The monkeys were able to recover after years of deprivation.

How does Schaffer and Emerson’s research challenge Bowlby’s concept of monotropy?

• Many infants formed multiple attachments within months of their first attachment.
• Infants were only attached to their mothers.
• Infants attached more to caregivers who provided food.
• Infants did not form any attachments to their caregivers.

What did Bailey et al. (2007) find in their study of mothers and infants?

• Mothers often had the same attachment type to their infants as they had with their own mothers.
• There was no consistency in attachment types across generations.
• Mothers only formed attachments with their biological children.
• Attachment types in mothers and infants were unrelated.

What is a key limitation of Bowlby’s theory regarding temperament?

• It ignores the role of the child’s temperament in forming attachment.
• It overemphasizes the role of temperament in attachment.
• It assumes that all children have the same temperament.
• It suggests temperament is the only factor influencing attachment.

How did Rutter’s study of Romanian orphans support the idea of a critical period in attachment?

• Orphans adopted before 6 months had better cognitive and social outcomes than those adopted later.
• Orphans showed no difference in outcomes based on when they were adopted.
• Orphans could only form attachments if adopted after age 2.
• Orphans did not show any signs of attachment problems.