What do antibodies do?

• Attach themselves to germs to flag them for destruction.

• Engulf and digest germs.

• Make your cells impenetrable to germs.

• Carry genes from your bloodstream to the outside of your body.

What might happen if your immune system lacked memory cells?

• Your body wouldn't be able to fight off diseases.

• Diseases would make you sicker than normal.

• You might get the same disease over and over.

• Your body wouldn't be able to produce antibodies.

A person develops natural immunity.

• Before getting sick.

• After one dose of a vaccine.

• After several doses of a vaccine.

• After recovering from an illness.

mRNA vaccines work by

• introducing inactivated virus into the body to start an immune response.

• having your own cells make a protein from the virus so your immune cells will recognize the virus.

• changing the DNA of your cells to protect you from infection from the virus.

• using a carrier virus to start an immune response.

How do Vaccines work?

• Hypnotise you to be invincible

• Prepare your immune system for the virus

• Poison the virus

• Infect the virus with another virus which kills the virus

Which enzyme acts like glue to joint the complementary base pairs of the cut DNA on the plasmid?

• gyrase
• polymerase
• ligase
• helicase

Why are plasmids so important to vaccine production?

• plasmids can be used as a vector to carry genes of interest into a bacteria
• plasmids are easy to cut and paste and have a nearly 100% effective rate
• plasmids are stationary inside a bacterium and can’t move
• plasmids are involved in mitosis and thus involved in producing new cells

Thee large green structure with the antigen on its surface is a (an)

• antibody

• pathogen

• enzyme

• hormone

A protein produced by B cells of the immune system that destroys pathogens is called:

• Antigens

• Antibodies

• T-cells

• Lymphocytes

1. What activates B cells in the sequence of events?

• Helper T cells

• Cytotoxic T cells

• Red blood cells

• Antigens