Industrialization, Urbanization, Immigration, and Labor Test

Full Name

Which invention identifies an accomplishment of Thomas Edison and his team of researchers at Menlo Park, New Jersey?

• the first telephone
• the first steam engine
• the first practical lightbulb
• the first internal combustion engine

How were Americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the Second Industrial Revolution?

• Railroads led to shortages of raw materials for factories and of workers
• Railroads stimulated the construction of steamships to trade up and down rivers.
• Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.
• Railroads caused cotton, rice, and wheat production to move from the Southeast to the West Coast.

Which issue is addressed in the cartoon?

• the influence of labor unions
• the excessive power of big business
• the dangerous conditions of factory labor
• the corruption of political machines in American cities

Based on the cartoon above, what conclusion can be reached about the United States in the early 1880s?

• Most American manufacturing was controlled by business monopolies.
• Some American critics felt workers were being oppressed by business monopolies.
• Business monopolies overcharged their customers but were essential to American growth.
• Government leaders were finally taking steps to curb the power of business monopolies.

How did the introduction of the Bessemer process affect the American economy?

• Manufacturers could produce cheaper and better steel.
• Suppliers could now communicate instantly over long distances.
• Industrial workers successfully obtained shorter hours and other benefits.
• Entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller could refine petroleum more cheaply.

What is the term used to describe a industrialist that treats workers badly and over charges the public?

• A cool Dude
• Captain of Industry
• Philanthropist
• Robber Barron

How did the development of large-scale steel production by Andrew Carnegie and other entrepreneurs impact the United States?

• It made possible the spread of railroad tracks and the construction of larger bridges and buildings.
• It promoted greater equality between men and women in the workplace.
• It reduced the length of the average workday for industrial workers.
• It reduced the nation’s earlier demand for iron ore.

What would a comparison of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions show?

• The First depended on new inventions but the Second did not.
• Both the First and Second relied almost entirely on water power.
• Both relied on telecommunications to send messages over long distances.
• Both saw improvements in transportation although a truly national market only emerged in the Second.

In 1885, Sarah Goode became one of the first African-American women ever to receive a U.S. patent when she received a patent for her fold-away bed. What did her achievement demonstrate?

• Despite the obstacles they faced, African-American women made contributions to the Second Industrial Revolution.
• In the nineteenth century, women paid more attention to living conditions than men did.
• At that time, married women were unable to claim ownership of their own inventions.
• In the 1880s, there was only limited interest in making household goods