INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS

The study of the underlying principles and theories that inform educational practices, including psychological theories (how people learn and develop) and philosophical theories (the nature and purpose of education).

The study of fundamental questions about education, including its purpose, values, and methods.

that philosophy which provide answer to the educational issues of why to educate (aim), whom to educate (child), who to educate (teacher), where to educate (school), what to educate (curriculum), how to educate (methods), when to educate (motivation) and so on.

its application in the field of education with the aim of socializing man and modifying his behavior.

Educational Psychology describes and explains the learning experiences of an individual from birth through old age ( Crow and Crow) Educational Psychology as “that branch of Psychology which deals with teaching and learning” ( B.F. Skinner) “Educational Psychology is the Science which explains the changes that take place in the individuals as they pass through the various stages of development.” ( Judd)

Ancient and Classical Foundations

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

"Theory of Forms" and his vision of education as cultivating virtue and wisdom

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Ancient and Classical Foundations

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

emphasis on empirical learning, the "Golden Mean," and education’s role in developing good citizens

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Ancient and Classical Foundations

belief in education as a moral and social good, focusing on ethical development, respect for tradition, and social harmony

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

• Confucianism

Ancient and Classical Foundations

Influence of religious philosophies (Christian, Islamic, and Buddhist) on education during ancient and medieval times, emphasizing moral and spiritual growth.

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

• Early Religious Education

Renaissance and Enlightenment Contributions

The revival of classical thought, focusing on human potential and education as a means to achieve individual growth and civic responsibility (e.g., Erasmus)

• Humanism (Renaissance)

• John Locke and Empiricism

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Naturalism