Unit 3 Review

Learning is defined as

• the demonstration or application of skills

• a relatively

  permanent change in behavior that

  occurs as a result of experience.

• any action or function

  that can be objectively

  observed or measured in

  response to controlled

  stimuli.

• thinking and memory

  processes

This perspective, pioneered by psychologists

such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F.

Skinner, focuses on observable behaviors and

the impact of environmental stimuli on those

behaviors.

• Cognitive Development

• Behaviorism

• Social Learning

This learning theory explains the role that the

human brain plays in helping learners

understand new and complex concepts. Piaget

proposed that cognition developed through

distinct stages from birth through the end

of adolescence.

• Behaviorism

• Social Learning

• Cognitive Development

Emphasizes the role of

observation and imitation in

learning.

• Social Learning

• Behaviorism

• Cognitive Development

An __________ stimulus (UCS) reflexively produces an

unconditioned response (UCr) without requiring previous training.

A _________ stimulus (CS) is a stimulus that has come to elicit a

conditioned response (Cr) because the organism learns to

associate the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned

stimulus.

is a procedure

that leads to the

gradual weakening and

eventual disappearance

of the CR.

• shaping

• generalization

• extinction

• chaining

Thorndike’s Law of

Effect states that

• behaviors are

  encouraged when they are followed by

  satisfying consequences

• behaviors are discouraged when

  they are followed by annoying consequences.

• both options are correct

• no option is correct

"Bobby loses screen time privileges for not finishing chores" is an example of a

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

"A parent scolds a child for leaving toys scattered around the house" is an example of a

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment