Molecular Structures and Their Applications

Which of the following is a property of metals that makes them suitable for electrical wiring?

• High reactivity

• High conductivity

• Low melting point

• Brittle nature

What is the primary reason that diamond is much harder than graphite, even though both are allotropes of carbon?

• Diamond has a higher density than graphite.

• Diamond has a three-dimensional covalent bond structure.

• Graphite has a metallic bond structure.

• Graphite is composed of ionic bonds.

Explain how the molecular structure of water contributes to its high surface tension.

• Water molecules are non-polar, leading to strong intermolecular forces.

• Water molecules form hydrogen bonds, which are strong intermolecular forces.

• Water molecules have weak van der Waals forces.

• Water molecules are held together by ionic bonds.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the strength of electrical forces among particles and the melting point of a substance?

• Stronger electrical forces result in a lower melting point.

• Weaker electrical forces result in a higher melting point.

• Stronger electrical forces result in a higher melting point.

• Electrical forces do not affect the melting point.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

Analyze how the hydrologic cycle affects the erosion of Earth's surface materials.

• The hydrologic cycle has no impact on erosion.

• Precipitation and runoff in the hydrologic cycle contribute to the mechanical weathering of rocks.

• Evaporation in the hydrologic cycle prevents erosion.

• The hydrologic cycle only affects chemical weathering, not mechanical.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Which of the following materials is most likely to be used in a design application requiring high tensile strength?

• Rubber

• Glass

• Steel

• Wood

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NGSS.HS-PS2-6

How does the molecular structure of ionic compounds affect their solubility in water?

• Ionic compounds are insoluble in water due to strong covalent bonds.

• Ionic compounds are soluble in water because water molecules can surround and separate the ions.

• Ionic compounds are soluble in water because they form hydrogen bonds with water.

• Ionic compounds are insoluble in water because they are non-polar.

Explain why metals are typically malleable and ductile.

• Metals have a rigid lattice structure that prevents movement.

• Metals have a sea of delocalized electrons that allow atoms to slide past each other.

• Metals are composed of ionic bonds that are easily broken.

• Metals have weak van der Waals forces.

Evaluate the impact of water's high specific heat capacity on Earth's climate.

• Water's high specific heat capacity leads to rapid temperature changes in coastal areas.

• Water's high specific heat capacity helps moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing heat slowly.

• Water's high specific heat capacity has no effect on Earth's climate.

• Water's high specific heat capacity causes extreme temperature fluctuations globally.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

What are the properties of a typical metal?​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ ​ (c)   ​ (d)  

• Soft
• Magnetic
• Shiny
• Good conductor of heat
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Poor conductor of heat
• Poor conductor of electricity
• Brittle

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3