Dement & Kleitman Test

What was the primary research method employed in this study?

• Longitudinal

• Experimental

• Correlational

• Case Study

Answer explanation

The primary research method employed in this study was experimental, which involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships, distinguishing it from other methods like correlational or case studies.

Which approach of psychology is the focus of this study?

• Cognitive

• Social

• Biological

• Learning

Answer explanation

The study focuses on the Biological approach, which examines the physiological and genetic influences on behavior, distinguishing it from Cognitive, Social, and Learning approaches.

What was the primary aim of this research?

• To explore the psychological effects of sleep deprivation

• To establish a correlation between eye movements and dream activity

• To compare dream recall in different populations

• To analyze the physiological processes of sleep

Answer explanation

The primary aim of the research was to establish a correlation between eye movements and dream activity, indicating a focus on how physical eye movements relate to the content and occurrence of dreams.

What hypothesis did the researchers propose?

• Eye movements are unrelated to dream activity.

• Periods of rapid eye movements (REM) are associated with dreaming.

• Dream recall occurs only during non-REM sleep.

• EEG activity is not associated with dreams.

Answer explanation

The researchers proposed that periods of rapid eye movements (REM) are associated with dreaming, as REM sleep is known to correlate with vivid dreams, making this the correct hypothesis.

Which type of validity was primarily targeted in this research with regard to the relationship between eye movements and dreaming?

• Construct Validity

• External Validity

• Internal Validity

• Criterion Validity

Answer explanation

Internal validity was primarily targeted in this research as it assesses the extent to which the study accurately establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between eye movements and dreaming, minimizing confounding variables.

How generalizable are the findings of this study?

• Highly generalizable to the wider population

• Limited generalizability due to the small sample size

• Uncertain due to variations in physiological responses

• Only applicable to individuals with sleep disorders

Answer explanation

The study's findings have limited generalizability due to the small sample size, which may not accurately represent the wider population. Larger samples are needed for more reliable conclusions.

What real-life implications could the results have?

• They could assist in therapeutic practices for dream-related issues.

• They may inform sleep disorder treatments.

• They could influence understanding of the sleep cycle.

• All of the above.

Answer explanation

The results could have broad implications, assisting in therapeutic practices for dream-related issues, informing treatments for sleep disorders, and enhancing our understanding of the sleep cycle, making 'All of the above' the correct choice.

Which ethical consideration was taken into account during the study?

• Participants were allowed to withdraw at any time.

• Informed consent was obtained from the participants.

• No deception was involved in the methodology.

• All of the above.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'All of the above' because the study ensured ethical standards by allowing participants to withdraw, obtaining informed consent, and avoiding deception.

What was the procedure for awakening participants during the experiment?

• Participants were awakened randomly

• Participants were awakened only during REM periods

• Researchers utilized a buzzer stimulus

• Participants were woken with gradual light exposure

Answer explanation

The correct answer is that participants were awakened only during REM periods, as this was a specific focus of the experiment to study the effects of REM sleep on various cognitive functions.

How was eye movement operationalized in this study?

• By using self-report interviews

• Through the placement of electrodes to measure corneoretinal potentials

• By monitoring sleep cycles with EEG alone

• Through direct observation of participants' eyes

Answer explanation

Eye movement was operationalized by placing electrodes to measure corneoretinal potentials, which allows for precise tracking of eye movements, unlike self-reports or direct observation.