What is the primary objective of the drying process?

• Increase moisture content in solids

• Remove all or most liquids by supplying latent heat

• Add organic solvents to solids

• Decrease temperature of solids

Which type of water is mainly held in the voids of a solid and can be removed by drying?

• Bound water

• Adsorbed water

• Free water

• Capillary water

At 100% relative humidity, what type of water remains in the solid?

• Bound water

• Free water

• Capillary water

• None of the above

Which of the following dryers is NOT mentioned in the content?

• Rotary dryer

• Spray dryer

• Drum dryer

• Freeze dryer

In drying processes, the equilibrium moisture content of a solid exposed to moist air varies with:

• Temperature

• Pressure

• Relative Humidity (RH)

• Time

What does a psychrometric chart provide information on?

• The rate of evaporation of water in solids

• Properties of dry and moist air

• Moisture content in liquids

• Solubility of solids in water

What is the purpose of determining the moisture content of air in drying processes?

• To calculate the amount of energy needed

• To control the drying temperature

• To predict the drying rate

• To achieve the target moisture level in the final product

Which dryer is best suited for heat-sensitive biological products like vaccines?

• Vacuum-shelf dryer

• Spray dryer

• Freeze dryer

• Vacuum-rotary dryer

How does a vacuum-shelf dryer remove moisture from the product?

•  By blowing hot air

• By applying vacuum to lower the boiling point

• By freezing the product

• By tumbling the product

What is a disadvantage of a vacuum-shelf dryer?

• High cost

• Case/surface hardening

• Slow drying speed

• Complex design