H&G Chapter 1-5 Review A

Which one of the following best illustrates social-emotional development as a developmental domain?

• Carlos is learning how to play cooperatively with his preschool classmates.

• Annika cries in pain when she steps on a sharp pebble.

• Thomas used to think that the earth was flat, but now he knows that it's round.

• Pamela has decided to get a fashionable new haircut.

Which one of the following statements reflects what developmentalists mean by the term maturation?

• Changes that reflect increasingly appropriate social behavior

• Developmental changes that are controlled largely by heredity

• Changes related specifically to children's physical development

  Remove answer 3 of 4

• Changes related specifically to children's emotional development

Leanna believes that children have a natural curiosity that makes them eager to learn. LeRoy believes that children's motivation to learn is fostered by good nutrition, positive relationships with other people, and opportunities to explore a complex environment. This difference in viewpoints best reflects the issue of:

• Universality and diversity

• Quantitative and qualitative change

• Nature and nurture

• Progression and regression

Many psychologists are concerned about whether certain aspects of development are marked by universality or diversity. Which one of the following statements illustrates diversity?

• Children think in increasingly logical ways as they get older.

• On average, teenagers who live in middle-income neighborhoods have better study skills than those who live in low-income neighborhoods.

• By interacting with their physical environment all children learn that things always fall down, never up, when released.

• Children almost always first sit, then walk, then run.

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

• An age range during which environmental conditions are most likely to have an effect on a particular aspect of a child's development

• A period during children's cognitive development in which they are highly distractible and so are frequently off task in the classroom

• A stage of development in which children display unpredictable (and often inappropriate) emotional responses

• An approach to teaching or parenting that takes a child's developmental level into account

Some developmentalists have proposed stage theories to describe the changes they observe in growing children. By stage, they mean:

• A worrisome characteristic that temporarily appears in some children's development

• An age range in which most youngsters are likely to exhibit irritable or unruly behavior

• A period of development in which certain ways of thinking or behaving are typical

• An episode in which a child acts in ways very different from his or her general personality

Mr. Milligan rewards his first graders with scratch-and-sniff stickers when they exhibit appropriate behavior in the classroom. Mr. Milligan's classroom management strategy is most consistent with which one of the following theoretical perspectives of development?

• Behavorist

• Cognitive Process

• Cognitive-Developmental

• Developmental Systems

Which one of the following statements best describes a cognitive-developmental perspective of child development?

• Children repeatedly parrot their parents' and teachers' beliefs, eventually adopting these beliefs as their own "knowledge."

• Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex and confused view of the world, but this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on.

• Children actively try to make sense of the world from their experiences with the environment.

• Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is "pre-wired."

If we say that a particular data collection method has high reliability, we mean that it:

• Yields similar results on different occasions

• Predicts future success in academic or social settings

• Accurately determines whether children have met certain predetermined developmental goals

• Yields scores that fall on a bell curve

Three of the following statements describe ethical practices in developmental research. Which one does not?

• Researchers can publish data about specific participants in local newspapers if the descriptions are flattering ones.

• Researchers put the welfare of participants ahead of any desire to learn new information about child development.

• Researchers inform participants' families about the results and conclusions of their research.

• Children participate in studies voluntarily, and only with their parents' consent.