Reformation Review

During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant Reformation?

• An interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

• Advances in mathematics and science

• Questioning of traditional authority

• Attention to realism and detail

“Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy an indulgence.”

Which major movement in European history started with the idea expressed in this statement?

• Commercial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution

• Renaissance

• Protestant Reformation

What was the major result of the Reformation in Europe?

• The development of the printing press

• Widespread corruption in the Church

• The split between Catholics and Protestants

• The start of the Renaissance

In the 16 Century, what sparked Europe’s Protestant Reformation?

• A religious revolt led by Martin Luther.

• The invention of moveable type

• Reforms in the Catholic church

• Emperor Charles V Edict of Worms

How were the Protestant Reformation and the European Renaissance similar?

• discouraged the growth of strong monarchs

• were led by the military

• encouraged people to question tradition

• supported the return of the Roman Empire

What was an immediate effect of the Reformation in Western Europe?

• A renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states.

• A greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity.

• The decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class.

• The decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church.

Review the timeline of events in European history below and answer the question.

1517: Martin Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses, criticizing the corruption of the Catholic Church

1534: King Henry VIII declares himself, not the pope, the head of the Church of England.

1555: After decades of religious struggle, the Holy Roman Empire agrees to the Peace of Augsburg, allowing each ruler to decide if their State will be Catholic or Lutheran.

1633: Galileo Galilei stands trial with the Catholic Inquisition for pursuing scientific research that challenged the church's teachings.

1648: Under the Peace of Westphalia, each ruler of an Imperial State can decide what the official religion of their state will be.

According to the timeline, what resulted from scientific and political challenges to the Catholic Church in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

• Catholic influence over politics expanded steadily in Europe

• Religious practice in Europe declined throughout the period.

• Political authority in European kingdoms became more secular

• Scientific advancements became less influential in European society

What actions of the Church motivated Martin Luther to write the 95 Thesis?

• The purchasing of indulgences

• The lack of authority of the Church in government

• The increase in literacy throughout Europe

• Presenting services in English

“Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.”

—Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517)

When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in what?

• The supremacy of the Bible over Church policies

• Imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings

• Maintaining the unity of the Church

• The need for nepotism

Why did Henry VIII create the church of England?

• To give more power to the Catholic Church

• In order to divorce and remarry who he chose

• In order to go to war with Spain

• To increase Church taxes