The Early Middle Ages

The 1000 year period that started after the (a)   in A.D. 476 and ended around 1492 is know as the ​ (b)   . This period gets its name from being between Antiquity ​ (​ (c)   ) and the beginning of ​ (d)   with Columbus arrival to America.

• Fall of the Western Roman Empire
• Middle Ages
• Ancient Times
• Modern Age
• Contemporary
• Paleolithic

Answer explanation

The Middle Ages are also known as the "Dark Ages". This title was given to them by Renaissance scholars, who only identified with the Greeks and Romans before them. However, now we know that during that period we saw evolution and growth in every area (as in art, with the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris), and the negative characteristics associated to it just appky to some regions of Europe at specific times.

According to your own knowledge and the map in page 541, locate the following peoples in some of their locations using the location of the tag (white rectangle) not of the points.

(Clue: locate Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Slavs in some of the peninsulas we learned about acoording to the map)

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

Ostrogoths

Huns

Vandals

Sueves

Visigoths

Slavs

Avars

Franks

Celtic Peoples

Britons

Tags

Geography of Europe

Europe's seas and rivers were fundamental for the early development of ​different (a)   because they separated and ​ (b)   cultures from each other. However, they were also important because they provided ​protection and (c)   . Other geographical features like​ (d)   such as the Alps or the Pyrenees shaped European history, because they encouraged independence and made​ total (e)   of Europe by just one group really hard.

• kingdoms
• isolated
• trading opportunities
• caliphates
• united
• fishing rights
• mountain ranges
• control
• disorder
• peninsulas

Which of the following group did NOT descend from the Celts?

• Franks

• Welsh

• Scottish

• Celts

Organize these facts according to the Frankish King (of the Merovingian Dynasty) they are related to.

Groups:

(a) Charlemagne

,

(b) Pepin

,

(c) Clovis

,

(d) Charles Martel

• Became king in A.D. 481

• He is also known as "The Great" for his conquests.

• He was a key figure in the Battle of Tours, which marked a turning point in European history.

• First germanic ruler to become Christian

• He's also known as "The Hammer" for his fighting skills

• He promoted education and cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance.

• He was crowned King of the Franks in A.D. 751.

• He united the Frankish tribes under one ruler.

• Stopped the spread of Islam in Europe, defeating the Muslims in Tours (A.D. 732)

• Father of Charlemagne

• He was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in A.D. 800.

• Received support from the Pope to restore order and make the Church more powerful.

• Had turned his kingdom into an Empire by A.D. 800

• Helped the creation of the Papal States by giving Lombards' land to the Pope

Locate the invader group of the Frankish Kingdoms according to their point if origin

a

b

c

Byzantines

Germans

Franks

Magyars

Vikings

Muslims

According to the map and the reading: Which was the Vikings preferred method of invasion and what else did it allow the to achieve?

Clue: Follow the arrows and see if they mostly enterered other countries through water bodies or through land)

• Land invasions, which allowed the to conquer from Spain to Russia

• Sea and river's raids, which allowed them to conquer Spain and North Africa

• Sea and river's raids, which allowed them to sail across the Atlantic and reach America

• Land invasions, which allowed them to cross the Bering Strait and reach America

Which of the following religion became common in Europe during the Middle Ages and strongly influenced it societies?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

Although other religions existed in Europe during the Early Middle Ages, this period was characterized by the spread of Christianity as an official religion around multiple regions. It became the official religion of many kingdoms after envoys like missionaries managed to convert pagan (for Christians: a person who belongs to a religion that worships many gods) kings, who were an example for their followers.

Name of the territory ruled by Otto of Saxony after the Pope Crowned him Emperor of the Romans in 962

(a)  

Answer explanation

During all of its existence, the Sacrum Romanum Imperium (Holy Roman Empire in English) covered a group of changing territories in Central and Western Europe. First it was ruled by the Frankish; then by the Germans. It lasted from 800 to 1806.

The orb you see is a royal symbol of the new Emperor given by God to rule over this Christian Empire.

Name of an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country, such as the (a)   signed in Worms (Germany) in 1122

Answer explanation

The Concordat of Worms was the legal solution reached between the Pope and the German king in 1122, after the power struggle between the Church and the Kings since 1073. This conflict originated because the kings wanted Church leaders to obey them, but popes believed kings should be the one obeying the Church.