Genomic Sequencing Technology Quiz

What year marked the second DNA sequencing technology revolution, ending the dominance of Sanger sequencing in the marketplace?

• 1975

• 1985

• 1995

• 2005

In PCR, what is the purpose of using primers?

• To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase

• To heat the DNA to its denaturing point

• To stop the DNA synthesis process

• To separate the DNA strands

Which of the following processes in PCR involves the attachment of primers to the DNA template?

• Denaturation

• Annealing

• Extension

• Replication

In Sanger sequencing, what type of modified nucleotide is used to terminate DNA strand synthesis?

• dNTP

• ddNTP

• RNA nucleotide

• Ribose nucleotide

Which generation of sequencing technology enables sequencing without a template amplification step?

• First-generation

• Second-generation

• Third-generation

• Fourth-generation

What is the main advantage of next-generation sequencing (NGS) compared to Sanger sequencing?

• Higher accuracy per read

• Ability to sequence millions of reactions in parallel

• Lower cost per nucleotide

• Longer read lengths

In PCR, what enzyme is responsible for creating the new DNA strand during the extension phase?

• DNA ligase

• Taq polymerase

• Helicase

• Reverse transcriptase

In sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) used in Illumina technology, what modification allows controlled termination of DNA synthesis?

• Use of RNA primers

• Absence of ddNTPs

• Reversible blocking of the 3'-OH group

• Addition of fluorescent dyes to dNTPs

What is a characteristic of SMRT sequencing technology?

• It sequences individual DNA molecules in real-time

• It requires PCR amplification before sequencing

• It uses bead-based amplification methods

• It provides only short-read data

Which component in hybrid capture methods helps separate targeted DNA fragments from non-targeted fragments?

• Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads

• PCR primers

• ddNTPs

• Flow cell adapters