Earth Science Chapter 4

If scientists measure record-high temperatures one year, is this evidence for global warming?

• Yes, days are warmer because the entire Earth is heating up.

• Yes, but only if scientists record highs in both summer and winter.

• No, global warming also includes other factors, such as melting ice caps.

• No, trends over decades or centuries, not years, are needed to show climate change.

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The following is an example of one way that living organisms in the tundra have adapted to survive in their local climate.

• Trees grow deeper roots to absorb more water.

• Animals have hollow hairs to trap warmth close to their bodies.

• Plants grow large leaves to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

• Trees grow quickly to compete for sunlight.

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The Hadley, Ferrell, and polar cells are

• convection currents in the ocean that redistribute heat from the equator toward the poles.

• convection currents of circulating air in the atmosphere.

• geographical areas with a generally warmer climate.

• not related to prevailing-wind directions on the surface.

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Near the equator, warm, humid air

• rises then cools, causing the moisture to condense and form clouds which often produce rain

• rises then warms up even more because it is closer to the Sun

• evaporates large quantities of freshwater which creates equatorial deserts

• stays near the surface because it is so dense

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Which factor most likely causes two cities at the same elevation and latitude to have different yearly average temperature ranges?

• rotation of Earth

• duration of sunlight

• distance from a large body of water

• the rain-shadow effect

How does the climate in a coastal community near the California Current usually compare to that of a coastal community at the same latitude near the Gulf Stream?

• warmer

• wetter

• cooler

• the same

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Which is not a factor that determines a climate?

• longitude

• prevailing winds

• latitude

• nearby bodies of water

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Imagine that you live in the Rocky Mountains close to Denver, Colorado, but 3,000 feet higher in elevation than Denver. Which of the following is most likely to happen?

• It could rain at your home at the same time that it is snowing in Denver.

• It could snow at your home at the same time that it is raining in Denver.

• Ocean currents could cause Denver’s temperature to be warmer.

• None of these are likely to happen.

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Climate involves interactions between air masses that are moving across the Earth’s surface. Which factor(s) listed below influence(s) air masses?

• Oceans and continents

• Prevailing winds

• Elevation

• All of the above

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Similar climates are often found:

• along the same, or very similar, longitude lines

• along the same, or very similar, latitude lines

• in the middle of all continents

• next to oceans

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